饲粮中添加凉茶渣对白羽肉鸡生长性能、血清生化及肠道免疫指标的影响

Effects of herbal tea residue supplement on growth performance,serum biochemical and intestinal immune indexes in white feather broilers

旨在研究饲粮中添加王老吉凉茶渣对白羽肉鸡生长性能、血清指标和肠道免疫指标的影响。选取1日龄体质量相近、健康状态良好的817白羽肉杂鸡280只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复14只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础饲粮中添加2%、4%、6%的凉茶渣粉,试验期49d,分1~21和22~49日龄2个阶段。结果显示:1)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组21、49日龄体质量均显著增加(P<0.05),22~49和1~49日龄的平均日采食量均显著上升(P<0.05),1~21、22~49和1~49日龄的平均日增重均显著增加(P<0.05)。2)与Ⅰ组相比,21日龄时,Ⅱ组血清总胆固醇(T-CHO)显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组甘油三酯(TG)含量均显著减少(P<0.05),Ⅳ组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性均降低(P<0.05);49日龄时,Ⅱ组AST活性、Ⅲ组TCHO含量和Ⅳ组LDL-C含量均降低(P<0.05),Ⅲ和Ⅳ组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量均升高(P<0.05),谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性均降低(P<0.05)。3)在十二指肠中,与Ⅰ组相比,21日龄时,Ⅱ组的TNF-α表达显著降低(P<0.05),49日龄时,Ⅱ组的IL-10表达升高(P<0.05),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的IL-2表达显著降低(P<0.05);在空肠中,与Ⅰ组相比,49日龄时,Ⅱ组IL-10的表达上升(P<0.05),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的IL-2表达显著降低(P<0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加凉茶渣在不影响白羽肉鸡正常生长性能的基础上,可调节血脂水平,同时增强肠道免疫。在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加2%~4%的凉茶渣效果较好。

This experiment aims to investigate the effects of a dietary supplement of herbal tea residue on white feather broilers in the prospectives of growth performance,serum indexes and intestinal immune indexes.A total of 2801-day-old white feather broilers with similar body mass and good health were randomly divided into 4groups with 5replicates per group and 14birds per replicate.GroupⅠ(control group)was fed a basal diet.GroupsⅡ,ⅢandⅣwere fed a diet supplemented with 2%,4%and 6%herbal tea residue powder,respectively.The feeding lasted for 49 days,and was divided into 2phases from 1to 21days of age and 22to 49days of age.Blood,tissue and mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum were collected on 21dand 49d.Total cholesterol(TCHO),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)in the serum were examined.The villus height and crypt depth of the jejunum were observed and measured by morphology.The mRNA expression levels of intestinal interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-2(IL-2),interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-10(IL-10)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were determined by qPCR.The results showed that compared with groupⅠ,the mass of groupⅢon 21dand 49dsignificantly increased(P<0.05).The average daily feed intake of 22-49dand 1-49dsignificantly increased(P<0.05).The average daily mass gain of 1-21d,22-49dand 1-49dsignificantly increased(P<0.05).In the serum of 21d,compared with groupⅠ,T-CHO in groupⅡsignificantly decreased(P<0.05).TG in groupsⅡ,ⅢandⅣsignificantly decreased(P<0.05).LDL-C and AST activity in groupⅣsignificantly decreased(P<0.05).In the serum of 49d,T-CHO in groupⅢ,LDL-C in groupⅣ,HDL-C of groupsⅢandⅣsignificantly increased(P<0.05),and the ALT activity of these two groups decreased(P<0.05).AST activity in groupⅡsignificantly decreased(P<0.05).In the duodenum of 21d,compared with groupⅠ,the expressions of TNF-αin groupⅡwas significantly decreased(P<0.05).In the duodenum of 49d,the expression of IL-10in groupⅡwas significantly increased(P<0.05),and the expression of IL-2in groupsⅢandⅣwas significantly decreased(P<0.05).In the jejunum of 49d,the expression of IL-10in groupⅡwas increased(P<0.05),and the expression of IL-2in groupsⅢandⅣwas significantly decreased(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary herbal tea residue can regulate circulating lipid level and enhance intestinal immunity of white feather broilers without affecting their normal growth performance.This experiment also suggested that the a 2%-4%supplementation of herbal tea residues to white feather broilers was of good effect.