牛白血病病毒检测技术进展

Progress in detection technology of bovine leukemia virus

牛白血病病毒(BLV)主要引起牛的B细胞恶性淋巴瘤,导致免疫抑制,进而使动物易感染其他疾病,除西欧外,世界各地均检出牛BLV。在人类中,存在BLV的血清抗体并在乳腺组织切片和肺肿瘤中检测到BLV的逆转录DNA,可能BLV为一种潜在的人畜共患病。目前缺乏BLV有效的治疗方法和商业化疫苗,深入了解BLV检测技术的发展,将有助于研究人员选择适合的检测方法,规避无效的检测结果,满足借助诊断防控疫病的要求。鉴于此本文对BLV细胞学检测法、核酸检测法、血清学检测法等19种检测技术进行综述,并分析比较各种方法的优缺点及适用范围,以期为BLV防控提供理论依据。

Bovine leukemia virus(BLV)mainly causes bovine B-cell malignant lymphoma,which causes immunosuppression and leads animals susceptible to other diseases.BLV has been detected all over the world except in Western Europe.Antibodies to BLV have been detected in humans,and reverse transcribed DNA of BLV were detected in breast tissue sections and lung tumors,which indicate that BLV is a potential zoonotic disease.At present,there are no effective treatment methods or commercial vaccines for BLV.An in-depth understanding of the development of BLV detection technology will help researchers choose suitable detection methods,avoid invalid detection results,and meet the requirements of disease prevention and control.In view of this,this paper reviews 19 detection technologies of BLV including cytology detection,nucleic acid detection,and serology detection.The advantages,disadvantages,and scope of application were also analyzed,which provide theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of bovine leukemia.