黄岩档案词状制作者再探

A Re-Examination of the Makers of Pleadings in the Huangyan Archives

黄岩档案词状大多由“做状人”作稿、“写状人”誊抄至状式,有时“做状人”“写状人”相同,官代书仅盖戳。清代状式上设置“做状人”最迟可追溯到康熙五十九年(1720),设置“写状人”最迟可追溯到乾隆二十二年(1757)。黄岩档案中“写状人”一栏出现前后,官代书职能并无变化;该栏的设置是时任知县为杜绝谎状,根据当地实际情况采取的个性化规制措施。“做状人”身份有:官代书、生员身份的呈状人、“歇家”、民间基层知识分子。“写状人”身份有:官代书、生员身份的呈状人、“歇家”及其学徒、民间基层知识分子及其学徒。与其他地方档案相比,黄岩档案词状制作情况颇具独特性。清代词状制作实践呈现出较大的区域差异性。

Most of the pleadings in the Huangyan Archives were created by the Zuozhuangren to create the first draft,the Xiezhuangren to transcribe the pleadings to the original pleadings,and sometimes the Zuozhuangren and Xiezhuangren were the same.the Scrivener only stamp.The Qing Dynasty pleadings on the establishment of Zuozhuangren can be traced back to the latest Kangxi fifty-ninth year(1720),set up Xiezhuangren can be traced back to the latest Qianlong twenty-second year(1757).Huangyan archives in the Xiezhuangren column appeared before and after the function of the Scrivener did not change;the column is set up for the county governor to put an end to the false pleadings,according to the local situation to take personalised measures to regulate.The identity of the Zuozhuangren is:the Scrivener,the student status of the petitioner,Xiejia,folk grass-roots intellectuals.The status of the Xiezhuangren include:the Scrivener,the student status of the petitioner,"Xiejia"and its apprentices,folk grass-roots intellectuals and their apprentices.Compared with other local archives,the production of pleadings in the Huangyan Archives is quite unique.The practice of pleadings production in the Qing Dynasty shows a large regional variability.