数字经济、农村人力资本与城乡收入差距

Research on the Relationship Between Digital Economy,Rural Human Capital and Urban-rural Income Gap

数字经济已经成为我国推动高质量发展、实现全体人民共同富裕的重要动力。本文选取2011—2021年全国280个地级市的面板数据作为样本,运用双向固定效应模型等方法,实证分析数字经济对城乡居民收入差距的影响,并进一步以人力资本作为调节变量,考察人力资本对数字经济影响城乡收入差距的效应。研究发现:第一,数字经济的发展对农民收入具有显著的正向影响,从而有助于缩小城乡收入差距。第二,数字经济的发展为农村地区创造了更多高价值就业机会,间接促进了城乡就业趋同,有助于缩小城乡收入差距。第三,数字经济的发展对城乡间资源配置具有显著的优化作用,确保了数字经济红利能更公平地分配到城乡居民,进一步缩小收入差距。第四,农村人力资本水平对数字经济缩小城乡收入差距的作用具有正向调节效应,提高农村人力资本水平有利于数字经济促进包容性增长。基于此,本文提出以下政策建议:一是加强数字基础设施建设,促进数字经济均衡发展。二是制定差异化的数字经济发展策略,因地制宜。三是优化产业结构,促进数字经济与实体经济融合。四是提高资源配置效率,促进要素自由流动。五是加强农村人力资本投资,提高数字技能。

The digital economy has become an important driving force for our country to promote high-quality development and achieve common prosperity for all people.This article selects panel data from 280 prefecturelevel cities across the country from 2011 to 2021 as a sample,uses two-way fixed effects models and other methods to empirically analyze the impact of the digital economy on the income gap between urban and rural residents,and further uses human capital as an adjusting variable to examine human capital The effect of the digital economy on the urban-rural income gap.The study found that:first,the development of the digital economy has a significant positive impact on farmers'income,thereby helping to narrow the urban-rural income gap.Second,the development of the digital economy has created more high-value employment opportunities in rural areas,indirectly promoted the convergence of urban and rural employment,and helped narrow the urban-rural income gap.Third,the development of the digital economy has a significant optimization effect on the allocation of resources between urban and rural areas,ensuring that the dividends of the digital economy can be more equitably distributed to urban and rural residents,further narrowing the income gap.Fourth,the level of rural human capital has a positive regulatory effect on the role of the digital economy in narrowing the urban-rural income gap.Improving the level of rural human capital is conducive to the digital economy promoting inclusive growth.Based on this,this article puts forward the following policy recommendations:First,strengthen the construction of digital infrastructure and promote the balanced development of the digital economy.The second is to formulate differentiated digital economic development strategies and adapt measures to local conditions.The third is to optimize the industrial structure and promote the integration of the digital economy and the real economy.The fourth is to improve the efficiency of resource allocation and promote the free flow of factors.The fifth is to strengthen investment in rural human capital and improve digital skills.