劳资协商对劳动者工资增长的影响差异分析:来自广东省制造业的证据

An Analysis of Different Effects of Labor Negotiations on Workers'Wage Increases:Evidence from the Manufacturing Sector in Guangdong Province

工资协商是一种可以兼顾企业承受能力的工资增长机制,经济增速放缓的背景下,除了最低工资标准、劳动力市场机制的作用之外,劳资双方的平等协商更能在企业发展和劳动者权益之间取得平衡。本文基于广东省企业调查数据,比较分析了个体协商和集体协商对劳动者工资增长作用的差异性,结果发现:集体协商和个体协商对于劳动者工资增长都有作用,但是个体协商的作用优于集体协商。该结论在更换代理变量、消除可能存在的极端值以及内生性等一系列检验之后仍然稳健。工会对工资协商作用具有显著的调节效应,在有工会的企业不管是个体协商还是工资集体协商对劳动者的工资增长的作用都有所加强。本文从总体上肯定了中国特色劳动关系体制对促进劳动者收入增长的积极作用。为了进一步促进劳动者收入合理增长,构建更加公平合理的收入分配格局,本文认为应将强化个体协商能力与构建集体协商机制并重,既要提升劳动者本人的权利意识和议价能力,也要通过强化工会职能、提升集体协商在维护劳动者权益中的积极作用。

Wage negotiation is a wage growth mechanism that can take into account the financial capacity of enterprises.Amidst the backdrop of slowing economic growth,in addition to the roles played by minimum wage standards and labor market mechanisms,equal negotiation between employers and employees is more effective in balancing enterprise development with the rights of workers.This paper examines the impact of wage negotiation on wage growth from the perspectives of individual and collective negotiation.The findings indicate that both collective and individual negotiation contribute to wage growth for workers,but individual negotiation has a more pronounced effect than collective negotiation.This conclusion remains robust after a series of tests,including replacing proxy variables,addressing potential outliers,and accounting for endogeneity.Unions have a significant moderating effect on wage negotiation;in enterprises with unions,both individual and collective negotiation have a stronger positive impact on worker wages.Although collective negotiation does not show as significant an effect on wage growth as individual negotiation,it still plays a positive role in safeguarding the labor rights of workers,particularly lowskilled workers.This positive role is more pronounced when bolstered by union strength.Therefore,the government should pay equal emphasis on strengthening individual negotiation capabilities and building a collective negotiation mechanism.