人工智能与企业新质生产力——机制与效应

Artificial Intelligence and New Quality Productivity of Enterprises——Mechanism and Effect

人工智能是企业新质生产力发展的重要引擎。本文基于2011~2023年中国A股上市公司数据,构建了企业层面的人工智能和新质生产力的测度指标,实证检验了人工智能对企业新质生产力发展的影响效应与作用机制。结果表明:人工智能显著促进了企业新质生产力发展,经过内生性处理与稳健性检验后,该结论依然成立。此外,人工智能具有显著的规模效应,其在高分位点处对企业新质生产力的促进效应优于低分位点。异质性分析表明,对于东部地区、高新技术和高市场竞争企业,人工智能对企业新质生产力的促进效应更加明显。机制分析证实,人工智能对企业新质生产力的促进效应主要通过赋能科技创新、劳动力技能结构优化和效率提升3条路径实现。

Artificial intelligence is an important engine for the development of new productive forces in enterprises.Based on the data of A-share listed companies in China from 2011 to 2022,this paper constructs the measurement index of artificial intelligence and new quality productivity at the enterprise level,and empirically tests the influence effect and mechanism of artificial intelligence on the development of new quality productivity of enterprises.The results show that artificial intelligence has significantly promoted the development of new quality productivity of enterprises,and this conclusion is still valid after endogenous treatment and robustness test.In addition,artificial intelligence has a significant scale effect,and its promotion effect on new quality productivity of enterprises at high scores is better than that at low scores.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotion effect of artificial intelligence on the new quality productivity of enterprises is more obvious for enterprises in the eastern region,high-tech and high-market competition.The mechanism analysis proves that the promotion effect of artificial intelligence on the new quality productivity of enterprises is mainly realized through three paths:empowering scientific and technological innovation,optimizing labor skill structure and improving efficiency.