企业数字化转型对劳动收入份额的影响——基于企业生产要素配置视角

The Impact of Enterprise Digital Transformation on Labor Income Share——Based on the Perspective of Enterprise Production Factor Allocation

本文基于2008~2022年沪深A股上市公司数据,从企业生产要素配置视角研究数字化转型对劳动收入份额的影响。结果显示:企业数字化转型有助于提高劳动收入份额,且底层数字技术嵌入对劳动收入份额的正向作用更大。机制分析表明,数字化转型影响企业生产要素配置,既通过提高数字资产占比降低劳动收入份额;也通过劳动技能结构升级提高劳动收入份额,但后者作用超过前者,总效应表现为提高劳动收入份额。进一步分析发现,数字化转型在提高劳动收入份额以及员工平均工资的同时,并不会挤出企业利润水平,相反会优化自身经营绩效并提高价值创造能力,实现公平与效率的兼顾。因此,积极推进企业数字化转型,特别是关键基础技术的创新和布局,对实现共同富裕具有重要指导意义。

Based on the data of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2022,this paper studies the impact of digital transformation on labor income share from the perspective of enterprise production factor allocation.The results show that the digital transformation of enterprises contributes to the increase of labor income share,and the underlying digital technology embedment has a greater positive effect on labor income share.Mechanism analysis shows that digital transformation affects the allocation and enterprises.It reduces the labor income share by increasing the proportion of digital assets;on the other hand,it increases the labor income share by upgrading the labor skill structure,but the latter effect exceeds the former,and the total effect is to increase the labor income share.Further analysis shows that while increasing the share of labor income and the average salary of employees,digital transformation will not squeeze out the profit level of enterprises.On the contrary,it will optimize its own business performance and improve its value creation ability,so as to achieve a balance between fairness and efficiency.Therefore,actively promoting the digital transformation of enterprises,especially the innovation and layout of key basic technologies,has important guiding significance for achieving common prosperity.