明中叶以来徽商初次外出贸易的筹备与日常

The Preparation and Daily Activities of Huizhou Merchants for Their First Outbound Trade since the Mid Ming Dynasty

16世纪以来商业贸易的发展促使商贾群体出现了规模化与职业化的现象,徽商在初次外出贸易时的筹备机制与应对举措就是其具体表现形式之一。为了保证外出安全,徽商初次外出贸易时一般由长辈亲友陪同前往,并需在物资携带、衣装打扮、启程饯别等诸多事宜上留心准备。另外,徽商主要通过个人薪资积累、家产资本投入与家人资助以及借贷做会等方式筹措初次外出经商的资本。与人初次合伙经营时,徽商需要在对象选择、财务管理以及契约签订与祈神起誓等环节遵照相关经验知识。通过深入考察徽商个体生命历程中的重要“过渡阶段”,人们可以洞悉明清以来商业浪潮所引发的社会变迁与时代脉搏。

The development of commercial trade since the 16th century has led to the phenomenon of scale and professionalization of merchant groups,among which the preparatory mechanism and response measures of Huizhou merchants during their first overseas trade are its specific manifestations.In order to prevent accidents and ensure safety,Huizhou merchants were usually accompanied by their elders and relatives when first going out for trade.They also needed to pay attention to many things such as carrying supplies,dressing up,and departing to bid farewell.In addition,Huizhou merchants mainly raised their initial business capital through personal salary accumulation,family capital and support,as well as borrowing and organizing a borrowing Qianhui.When starting a partnership for the first time,Huizhou merchants needed to follow relevant experience and knowledge in selecting partners,financial management,contract signing,and praying to gods.By delving into the important“transitional stages”in the life history of individual Huizhou merchants,We can gain insight into the social changes and pulse of the times triggered by the development of the commercial society since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.