三七表型性状与皂苷类成分含量的相关性分析

Correlation Analysis of Phenotypic Traits and Saponins Content in Panax notoginseng

目的:在“辨状论质”理论指导下,基于偏相关性分析,揭示三七药材的表型性状和皂苷类成分含量的相关性规律。方法:2021年10—12月,采收新鲜的3年生三七地下部分共30批。采用色差仪、电子鼻、电子舌测定三七药材的表型性状(生物量、色、气、味、质地);采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定皂苷类成分(三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rd、总皂苷)含量;通过相关性分析探寻三七性状与成分含量间的相关性规律。结果:不同产地三七的表型性状和皂苷类成分含量均存在一定差异。整体看来,在一定范围内,三七表型性状与皂苷类成分含量间存在显著相关性,且主根长度越长、颜色偏灰绿色有光泽、味道越综合、苦味越小、质地较为粉性的三七,其三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rd、5个皂苷含量之和、三七总皂苷含量较高,人参皂苷Rb1含量较低。此外,对于三七“气”的特性,在17、53 min处的值越高,22 min处的值越低,三七的皂苷类成分含量越高。结论:三七的表型性状与皂苷类成分含量间存在显著相关性,且传统认为的体大、灰绿色有光泽者为佳得到了体现,研究结果为基于“辨状论质”理论的快速判别三七质量提供了参考。

Objective:Guided by the concept of"quality evaluation through morphological identification",this study aims to explore the correlation patterns between the phenotypic traits of Panax notoginseng(Burkill)F.H.Chen and the content of its saponins components based on partial correlation analysis.Methods:From October to December 2021,the underground part of fresh triennial P.notoginseng was harvested from 30 batches.The phenotypic traits(biomass,color,odor,taste,and texture)of P.notoginseng were determined using a colorimeter,electronic nose,and electronic tongue.The saponins components(notoginsenoside R1,ginsenosides Rg1,ginsenosides Re,ginsenosides Rb1,ginsenosides Rd,and total saponins)were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the traits and contents of the components.Results:There were certain differences in phenotypic traits and saponins contents of P.notoginseng from different origins.Overall,within a certain range,there was a significant correlation between the phenotypic traits of P.notoginseng and its saponins contents.Specifically,P.notoginseng with longer taproots,grayish green and shiny color,more comprehensive taste,less bitterness,and a powderier texture had higher contents of notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Rg1,Re,Rd,the sum of the five saponins and total saponins,while the ginsenoside Rb1 content was lower.In addition,regarding the"odor"characteristics of P.notoginseng,higher values at 17 and 53 min and lower values at 22 min were associated with higher saponins content.Conclusion:There is a significant correlation between the phenotypic traits of P.notoginseng and its saponins content,supporting the traditional belief that larger,grayish green and shiny color are superior.This study provides a reference for the rapid quality assessment of P.notoginseng based on the"quality evaluation through morphological identification"concept.