图像史视域下1917年涿县水灾研究--以邓之诚水灾摄影照片为核心

A Study on the Flood Disaster in Zhuo County in 1917 from the Perspective of the History of Images:with Deng Zhicheng's Flood Photographs as the Core

图像与文字都是历史记述的重要方式,但图像可以更直观地再现文字无法呈现的历史细节,佐证或纠正相关历史记载,邓之诚1917年拍摄的涿县水灾照片在这方面就极富价值。梳理邓之诚水灾摄影照片,对比并结合文本记载,对1917年涿县水灾的致灾祸首、灾情、急赈问题能形成更深刻的认识。从致灾祸首看,此次水灾祸首应为拒马河,而非永定河。从灾情看,灾民身、心受到水灾双重打击的同时,严重的城乡和贫富差异又进一步加重了底层贫民的受灾程度。从灾情应急赈济看,个人和慈善团体的义赈明显发挥了主导作用,其中中国红十字会的急赈更呈现了严格遵守红十字会活动宗旨、多举并重、集中式多点散赈的特点。

Images and text are both important ways of historical narration,but images can more directly reproduce historical details that text cannot present,corroborating or correcting related historical records.The photographs of the Zhuo County flood taken by Deng Zhicheng in 1917 are extremely valuable in this regard.By sorting out Deng Zhicheng's flood photography,comparing and combining with textual records,a deeper understanding can be formed on the disaster-causing culprits,disaster conditions,and emergency relief issues of the 1917 flood in Zhuo County.From the perspective of the disaster-causing culprits,the culprit should be the Juma River,not the Yongding River.From the perspective of the disaster situation,while the disaster victims were physically and mentally affected by the flood,severe urban-rural and wealth disparities further exacerbated the suf-fering of the poor.In terms of emergency relief for the disaster situation,individuals and charitable organizations played a dom-inant role in their voluntary aid,among which the Red Cross Society's emergency relief was characterized by strict adherence to its purpose,emphasis on multiple measures,and centralized multi-point scattered relief.