武汉城市圈生态空间多功能时空演变及驱动机制分析

Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of ecological space multifunctions in Wuhan metropolitan area

生态空间功能支撑城市圈高质量发展与建设,并随其多功能需求变化而需要进行战略性调整。本文以千米格网为评价单元,选取气候调节、水源涵养、生境维持、景观保育、土壤保持与休闲游憩6个功能指标,分析武汉城市圈生态空间多功能的时空演变特征,采用热点分析、随机森林模型等方法,探究了生态空间多功能的热点演变规律及驱动机制。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年武汉城市圈生态空间多功能演化特征差异明显,生境维持、景观保育和土壤保持功能总体上表现为减弱趋势,气候调节、水源涵养和休闲游憩功能总体上表现为增强趋势,其中休闲游憩功能增幅最大。(2)在研究期内,六类生态空间功能的空间分布格局均发生了显著的变化。水源涵养和休闲游憩功能的热点区整体上呈增加趋势,气候调节和生境维持功能的热点区表现为先上升后降低的趋势,景观保育和土壤保持功能的热点区基本保持稳定。(3)社会-生态因子对生态空间功能的发挥具有重要影响。从整体上看,土地利用格局、植被覆盖度和地形因素对生态空间各功能的影响最大,但随着时间的推移,社会经济因素对生态空间多功能的影响逐渐增强。

Ecological spatial functions support the high-quality development and construction of urban agglomerations,and needs to be strategically adjusted as its multi-functional needs change.This paper uses the kilometer grid as the evaluation unit and selects six functional indicators of climate regulation,water conservation,habitat maintenance,landscape conservation,soil conservation,and leisure recreation.And analyzes the evolution characteristics of the multi-functional ecological spatial in the Wuhan metropolitan area.Using hotspots analysis and random forest model methods,it explored the hotspot evolution and driving mechanism of the multifunctional ecological spatial.The results show that:(1) From 2000 to 2020,there were obvious differences in the evolution characteristics of ecological space in Wuhan urban circle.The functions of habitat maintenance,landscape conservation and soil conservation generally showed a weakening trend,and the functions of climate regulation,water conservation and leisure and recreation showed a general performance In order to enhance the trend,the leisure and recreation function has the largest increase.(2) During the study period,the spatial distribution patterns of the six types of ecological spatial functions have all changed significantly.The hotspots of water conservation and recreational functions showed an increasing trend as a whole,the hotspots of climate regulation and habitat maintenance showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing,and the hotspots of landscape conservation and soil conservation were basically stable.(3) Social-ecological factors have an important impact on the functioning of ecological space.On the whole,land use pattern,vegetation coverage and topographic factors have the greatest impact on the various functions of ecological space,but with the passage of time,the influence of socio-economic factors on the multi-functionality of ecological space has gradually increased.