西安都市圈城市扩张时空演变及其影响因素研究

Research on the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban expansion in the Xi'an metropolitan area

我国城市化快速发展的背景下,城市用地受到多种因素的影响,在时间和空间上都呈现出不同的演化特征。本文以西安都市圈为例,构建土地利用转移矩阵,对西安都市圈2000年、2010年和2020年的城市扩张进行研究,刻画西安都市圈城市扩张时序与空间的演变特征。在此基础上,采用地理探测器,对西安都市圈城市空间格局演化的影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明:(1)西安都市圈核心区城市建成区在30年间,一直处于加速拓展趋势,在2010年之后,拓展速度不断加快;而拓展强度却先降后升,1990—2000年期间,拓展强度超过100%,此时是加速拓展时期,由于城市建成区面积在前期已经达到较大基数,城市扩展速度在2000年之后逐渐回落,2010—2020年期间拓展强度缓慢提升。(2)西安都市圈核心区的空间扩展有明显的阶段性特征:跳跃扩展阶段(2001—2005年)、圈层填充阶段(2006—2010年)、全面拓展阶段(2011—2015年)、向西跨越阶段(2016—2020年)。(3)地理探测器单因子探测分析结果显示,地方财政一般预算收入与城乡居民收入差距指数对城乡工矿建设用地占比的交互解释度最大,为0.677;地方财政一般预算收入与其他因子的交互解释度最大,均大于0.45;农林牧渔业总产值次之,均大于0.35。城乡工矿建设用地占比主要受到地方财政一般预算收入、农林牧渔业总产值与其他因子共同推动。本文为研究西安都市圈城市空间格局的演变过程,揭示城市土地利用空间格局的影响机制提供理论依据。

Against the backdrop of rapid urbanization in our country,urban land is influenced by various factors and exhibits different evolutionary characteristics in both time and space.This article takes the Xi'an metropolitan area as an example to construct a land use transfer matrix,and studies the urban expansion of the Xi'an metropolitan area in 2000,2010,and 2020,depicting the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of urban expansion in the Xi'an metropolitan area.On this basis,a geographic detector is used to analyze the influencing factors of the urban spatial pattern evolution in the Xi'an metropolitan area.The research results show that:(1) The urban built-up area in the core area of the Xi'an metropolitan area has been accelerating its expansion trend for 30 years,and the expansion speed has been continuously accelerating since 2010;However,the expansion intensity first decreased and then increased.During the period of 1990-2000,the expansion intensity exceeded 100%,which was an accelerated expansion period.As the urban built-up area had already reached a large base in the early stage,the speed of urban expansion gradually declined after 2000,and the expansion intensity slowly increased from 2010 to 2020.(2) The spatial characteristics of urban expansion in the Xi'an metropolitan area indicate that the expansion of the core area of the Xi'an metropolitan area has obvious phased features:the jumping expansion stage(2001-2005);Circle filling stage(2006-2010);Comprehensive expansion stage(2011-2015);Westward Crossing Stage(2016-2020).(3) The single factor detection analysis results of the geographic detector show that the interaction explanatory power between the general budget revenue of local finance and the income gap index between urban and rural residents on the proportion of urban and rural industrial and mining construction land is the highest,at 0.677;The interaction explanatory power between local fiscal general budget revenue and other factors is the highest,all greater than 0.45.The total output value of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,and fishery ranks second,both exceeding 0.35.The proportion of urban and rural industrial and mining construction land is mainly driven by the general budget revenue of local finance,the total output value of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery,and other factors.This article provides a theoretical basis for studying the evolution process of urban spatial pattern in the Xi'an metropolitan area and revealing the impact mechanism of urban land use spatial pattern.