天然阔叶混交林-人工红松幼龄林交错区不同生境金龟总科昆虫多样性及指示作用

Diversity and Indicator Role of Scarabaeoidea in Different Habitats of Natural Broad‑Leaved Mixed Forest‑Young Pinus koraiensis Plantation Forest Ecotone

为了解我国北方天然林-人工林交错区金龟总科Scarabaeoidea昆虫群落结构及多样性,于2017—2018年每年的4—9月,选取天然阔叶混交林(阔叶林)及其毗邻的人工红松Pinus koraiensis幼龄林(红松林)为研究区域,采用巴氏罐诱捕法进行连续诱集。共计捕获金龟总科昆虫7科23属35种1498头。金龟科Scarabaeidae与花金龟科Cetoniidae与红松林的相关性高于其他生境,小青花金龟Oxycetonia jucunda、白星花金龟Protaetia brevitarsis、中华嗡蜣螂Onthophagus sinicus、黑圆嗡蜣螂Onthophagus ater、瘤圆嗡蜣螂Onthophagus atripennis个体数在不同生境间的差异显著(P<0.05)。个体数与物种数在不同生境间的差异显著(P<0.05)。非度量多维尺度分析与置换多元方差分析表明,阔叶林与红松林、交错区与红松林中的金龟总科昆虫群落结构差异显著(P<0.05),将β多样性分解后,3种生境空间物种转换均大于物种集群镶嵌。金龟总科昆虫在交错区呈现出较弱的负边缘效应。本研究表明金龟总科昆虫偏好红松林生境,尤其是花金龟科,可通过指示监测物种持续监测生境变化,并防止花金龟种群大规模暴发。

To provide references for pest control and forest management after returning farmland to forest,the community structure and diversity of Scarabaeoidea in the ecotone between natural forest and plantation forest in northern China were investigated.The natural broad-leaved mixed forest and its adjacent artificial young red pine(Pinus koraiensis)forest were selected as the study areas,and the continuous trapping method was used by pitfall trapping from April to September in 2017 and 2018.A total of 1498 specimens belonging to 35 species,23 genera and 7 families of Scarabaeoidea were cap-tured.Scarabaeidae and Cetoniidae were highly correlated with P.koraiensis forest.The individual numbers of Oxycetonia jucunda,Protaetia brevitarsis,Onthophagus sinicus,Onthophagus ater and Onthophagus atripennis in P.koraiensis forest were significantly different among habitats(P<0.05).The numbers of individuals and species in P.koraiensis forest were significantly different among habitats(P<0.05).The results of NMDS and PERMANOVA showed that there were signifi-cant differences in the community structure of Scarabaeoidea between broad-leaved forest and P.koraiensis forest,ecotone and P.koraiensis forest(P<0.05).Moreover,the spatial species turnover in the three habitats was higher than the mosaic of species clusters after the decomposition ofβdiversity.Scarabaeoidea showed a weak negative edge effect in ecotone.This study suggests that Scarabaeoidea may prefer P.koraiensis forest,especially Cetoniidae.Therefore,it is necessary to continuously monitor habitat changes using indicator species and pay attention to large-scale outbreaks of Cetoniidae.