县域治理视野下农业转型困境与破解路径——从土地抛荒问题谈起

The Dilemma of and Solution to Agricultural Transformation from the Perspective of County Governance:Starting with the Issue of land Abandonment

随着农村经济形势的变化,部分小农户退出土地,而农业规模经营主体缺乏基础性生产条件,农村地区产生了土地抛荒现象。土地抛荒的深层根源是县域治理错位,具体表现为地方政府在农业投资中采取亮点偏好、社会化服务体系建设失衡、地权配置失衡,没有精准回应规模农业经营主体的需求,导致小农农业向规模农业转型失败。破解土地抛荒问题应建立适应农业转型的县域治理体系,具体可从转变县域农业治理理念、拓展县域农业治理空间、建立县域农业治理机制三个方面着手。基于我国农业的特点和发展阶段,小农农业难以自发向规模农业转型,应正确发挥县域政府的制度供给作用,在城镇化进程中保障国家粮食安全和推动农业强国的实现。

With the change of rural economic situation,some small farmers withdraw from the land,while the main body of agricultural scale operation lacks basic production conditions,and the phenomenon of land abandonment has occurred in rural areas.The deep root of land abandonment is the dislocation of county governance,which is manifested in the local government's preference for bright spots in agricultural investment,the imbalance of social service system construction,and the imbalance of land ownership allocation.The lack of accurate response to the needs of large-scale agricultural operators has led to the failure of small-scale agricultural transformation to large-scale agriculture.To solve the problem of land abandonment,we should establish a county governance system suitable for agricultural transformation,which can be started from three aspects:changing the concept of county agricultural governance,expanding the space of county agricultural governance,and establishing the mechanism of county agricultural governance.Based on the characteristics and development stages of China's agriculture,it is difficult for smallholder agriculture to spontaneously transform into scale agriculture.It is necessary to correctly play the role of county government in institutional supply,ensure national food security and promote the realization of agricultural power in the process of urbanization.