从《金瓶梅》与《儒林外史》看“戏拟”策略的运用

Examine Application of“Parody”Strategy from the Perspective of The Golden Lotus and The Scholars

“戏拟”作为一种叙事策略,是通过对历史上发生过的某件事或某种情境进行戏剧化模仿,使读者在“拟者”与“被拟者”之间建立联系,在对比中产生戏谑化的艺术效果。《金瓶梅》与《儒林外史》通过对传统小说《世说新语》《醒世恒言》《三国演义》《水浒传》等以及明代杂剧《玉环记》、历史散文《战国策》等在人物、情节、主题等方面的承袭、翻新和突破,借助消解崇高、反讽、还原市井气、期待效应造成的心理反差等艺术手段,收到了戏谑化的艺术效果,体现了“戏拟”策略的精髓。

As a kind of narrative strategy,parody is one dramatic imitation type about things that already happened or situation in history.The readers establish a connection between both of them,generate comparison,and from this parody we can experience satire and banter artistic effect.The Golden Lotus and The Scholars realize satire and banter artistic effect through traditional novels such as Essays and Criticism,Stories to Awaken Men,Romance of the Three Kingdoms,Outlaws of the Marsh,and Ming Dynasty Zaju Yuhuan Chronicle,historical prose Warring States which are inherited and innovated in terms of character,storyline and theme.At the same time,the two novels apply the artistic means which dissolve the sublime,irony,restore market gas and expectancy effects to realize satire and banter artistic effect.