同种异体骨软骨移植的新西兰兔动物模型建立与评价

Establishment and Evaluation of a New Zealand Rabbit Model of Osteochondral Allograft

目的建立同种异体骨软骨移植的新西兰兔动物模型,并评估其影像学及组织学特征。方法选取5个月龄新西兰兔共36只,雌雄不限,随机选取12只取右后肢膝关节,经处理后截取部分胫骨平台骨软骨组织做为同种异体骨软骨移植的供体。12只为实验组,在右后肢膝关节胫骨侧截取5 mm×5 mm×5 mm骨软骨缺损区,同种异体骨软骨组织截取等量组织移植固定;12只为对照组,在右后肢膝关节胫骨侧相同位置截取等量骨软骨后原位固定。术后X线评估骨愈合情况,取材后microCT评估骨小梁愈合情况,骨关节切片染色观察组织学变化。结果两组动物均存活良好,无术后并发症;术后4周X线片示骨愈合良好;术后6周膝关节取材后microCT显示截骨处骨性愈合良好;关节切片HE染色显示软骨及软骨下骨结构良好,两组关节厚度无明显差异,番红固绿染色Mankin评分两组差异无统计学意义,阿利新兰染色显示活性软骨细胞计数两组差异无统计学意义。结论新西兰兔膝关节同种异体骨软骨移植动物模型构建简单、操作性强、手术并发症少,可较好地反应同种异体骨软骨移植的病理及生理过程。

Objective To establish a New Zealand rabbit model of osteochondral allograft and evaluate its imaging and histological features.Methods A total of 365-month-old New Zealand rabbits,male or female,were selected.After treatment,part of the right tibial plateau osteochondral tissue was harvested as the allograft osteochondral donor in 12 rabbits.In the experimental group,5mm×5mm×5mm osteochondral defect were made,and the same amount of bone and cartilage tissue was grafted from osteochondral allograft and fixed on the tibial side of the knee joint of the right hind limb.Another 12 were for the control group,and the same amount of bone cartilage was taken at the same position on the tibial side of the knee joint of the right hind limb and fixed in situ.Bone healing was evaluated by X-ray after operation.Bone trabecular healing was evaluated by microCT.Histological changes were observed by staining of bone and joint sections.Results The animals in both groups survived well without postoperative complications.4 weeks after surgery,X-ray showed good bone healing.6 weeks after surgery,microCT showed good bone healing at the osteotomy.HE staining of joint sections showed good cartilage and subchondral bone structure,no significant difference in joint thickness between the two groups,no difference in Mankin score between the two groups,no difference in active chondrocyte count between the two groups.Conclusion The New Zealand rabbit knee osteochondral allograft animal model is simple to construct,strong operability,few surgical complications,and can better reflect the pathophysiological process of osteochondral allograft.