深井巷道动力冲击与吸能控制物理模拟试验研究

Physical simulation test research on dynamic impact and energy absorption control in deep roadways of coal mines

针对深部矿井高应力巷道动力冲击现象难以控制的问题,为明确其动力灾害发生规律与围岩控制机制,研发深井巷道动力冲击物理模拟试验系统,包括均衡加载装置、边界储能装置和多源监测平台等,可实现模型体高应力均衡加载和边界应力瞬时补偿,有效模拟深井巷道动力冲击现象发生前后的应力环境。基于此,以典型深部高应力矿井为模拟对象,结合研发的高强吸能支护材料,开展系列深井巷道动力冲击物理模拟对比试验,再现不同支护类型模型体的动力冲击现象发生全过程,分析巷道不同部位围岩动力破坏模式与应力-位移演化规律,明确不同支护材料与围岩的相互作用与冲击响应特征,揭示了新型吸能支护在深井巷道动力冲击时的吸能控制优势,其中,新型吸能支护使得巷道在动力冲击现象发生时围岩平均变形量降低了36.9%。结合模拟试验结果,进一步开展吸能支护现场应用研究,有效降低了深井巷道动力冲击现象发生的风险,保证了全巷道周期围岩的安全稳定。

In order to solve the control problem of dynamic impact phenomena in roadways with high stresses,and to clarify its occurrence law and the control mechanism of the surrounding rock,a physical simulation test system for dynamic impact phenomena in deep roadways of coal mines is developed.It includes balanced loading device,boundary energy storage device and multi-source monitoring platform,which can achieve high stress equilibrium loading of the model body and instantaneous compensation of boundary stress.Therefore,the stress environment before and after the occurrence of dynamic impact phenomena in deep roadways is effectively simulated by this system.On the basis,a series of physical simulation comparative tests on dynamic impact phenomena in deep roadways are carried out with a typical deep high stress mines as simulation object combined with the developed high-strength energy absorbing support material.It reproduces the entire occurring process of dynamic impact phenomena in models with different types of support parameters.The dynamic failure mode,stress-displacement evolution law of surrounding rock in different parts of the roadway are analyzed.Meanwhile,the interaction and impact response characteristics between different support materials and surrounding rock are clarified.The control advantages of energy absorption in the dynamic impact phenomenon of deep roadways by the new energy absorption support material are revealed.The average deformation of the surrounding rock decreases by 36.9%though the application of this support material as the dynamic impact phenomenon occurs.According to the test results,further research is conducted on the field application of energy absorption support,which effectively reduces the risk of dynamic impact phenomena in deep roadways and ensures the safety of surrounding rock throughout the roadway operation cycle.