欧盟经贸保护主义新动向

New Trends of EU Economic and Trade Protectionism

近几年来,在新的地缘政治格局和产业变局影响下,欧盟在经历新冠疫情、乌克兰危机等多重危机后,既有的经贸保护主义传统显现出延续和升级的趋势,呈现政策工具多样化、覆盖范围扩大化、泛安全化及泛意识形态化等新特征,在动用反补贴调查工具、促进投资、技术贸易政策收紧等方面动作频出。此种态势的原因复杂多样,其中包括政治加速右转、地缘政治和价值观竞争思维影响扩大以及战略自主目标下的自我保护取向。作为全球最重要的经贸行为体之一,欧盟向保护主义急速靠拢使其自身发展受到反噬,也有损其与中国等贸易伙伴的双边经贸关系乃至全球经济产业格局。

In response to the shifting geopolitical landscape and technological advancements, the EU has witnessed a notable intensification in its economic and trade protectionist measures. These have manifested in several distinctive ways, including the diversification of policy instruments, the expansion of coverage, the embrace of a pan-security and pan-ideological approach. The reasons for this trend are complex and diverse, including the rise of radical right politics, geopolitical tensions, and the self-protection orientation for pursuing strategic autonomy. As one of the most important economic and trade actors in the world, the EU's move toward protectionism not only affects its development, but also undermines its bilateral economic and trade relations with trading partners such as China and even the global economic and industrial structure.