仰韶文化人面鱼纹彩陶盆寓意与足少阴经功能相关理论渊源再探

Re-exploration of Implied Meaning of Painted Pottery Basin with Fish Pattern and Human Face in Yangshao Culture and Theoretical Origin of Its Correlation with Foot Shaoyin Meridian Function

肾主藏精,其作用如《道德经》宇宙论意义上的“道”,是生命之源泉。肾主水,有“道”之“柔顺”“为雌”之“德”,《黄帝内经》“二阴为雌”理论源于此。春生、夏长、秋收、冬藏是“德”生万物的不同阶段,黄老学派称之为“刑德相辅”,在天文历法中深化为天体左右旋运动的“雌雄”理论。《黄帝内经》之“藏德”即“刑德相辅”中之用“刑”,“七月少阴申”理论亦与之相关。老庄哲学认为,精为形之根本,一气相连,《黄帝内经》天之精与地之形以气贯通的认识源于此。结合老庄对“真”的认识,这个能贯通人体形、精的“气”即《黄帝内经》说的“真气”。《黄帝内经》提示从“恬淡虚无”到“真气从之”的中间环节还有“呼吸微徐”,神仙家将“恬淡虚无”称作“为宾”,“呼吸微徐”则称作“调息”,而心君“为宾”后“真气从之”布散于形体而“阳气固”的状态喻作“筑城”。筑城必先筑地基,故“真气从之”前的“调息”称作“筑基”。维脉“金门穴”“筑宾穴”的命名,以及中医对维脉功能的认识有其天文历法理论背景,实则源于上述道家学说,然追本溯源,彩陶盆口沿四维处“癸”字符号寓意为其滥觞。

The Kidney functions in maintaining Essence,which is the source of life,and its role is like the"Tao"in the cosmological sense of the Tao Te Ching.Kidney belongs to Water element,which has the"virtue"of"mildness"and"femina",and the theory of"Er Yin(Foot Shaoyin Kidney meridian)Wei Ci(femina)"in Huang Di Nei Jing originates from this.Being born in spring,growing in summer,declining in autumn and storing in winter are the different stages of"virtue"giving birth to all things,which is called"Xing De Xiang Fu"by the Huang Lao school of Taoism.It developed into the"male and female"theory of left and right rotation of celestial bodies in the astronomical calendar.In Huang Di Nei Jing,"Cang De"means applying"Xing"in"Xing De Xiang Fu",and the theory of"July Shaoyin Shen"is also related to it.In Lao Zhuang philosophy,it is believed that Essence is the root of the Form,both are connected by Qi,and the understanding that the Essence of the Heaven and the Form of the Earth are connected by Qi in Huang Di Nei Jing originates from this.Combined with Lao Zhuang′s understanding of"Zhen(Truth)",this"Qi"that can connect the Form and Essence of the human body is the"Zhen Qi"in Huang Di Nei Jing.In Huang Di Nei Jing,it is suggested that there is also"Hu Xi Wei Xu(breathing gently and slowly)"in the middle between"Tian Dan Xu Wu"to"Zhen Qi Cong Zhi","Tian Dan Xu Wu"is called"Wei Bin"by the immortals and"Hu Xi Wei Xu"is called"Tiao Xi".After the Heart"Wei Bin","Zhen Qi Cong Zhi"and spreads throughout the body and Yang Qi is strengthened,which is called"Zhu Cheng(to build the city)".Foundation is constructed before building the city,so"Tiao Xi",which is before"Zhen Qi Cong Zhi",is called"Zhu Ji".The naming of the Weimai meridian such as"Jinmen Acupoint"and"Zhubin Acupoint",as well as the understanding of the function of the Weimai meridian in traditional Chinese medicine,have their theoretical background in the astronomical calendar,which is derived from the above-mentioned Taoist doctrine.However,tracing back to the origin,the Chinese symbol character of"Gui(癸,meaning Water)"along the four-dimensional place of the mouth of Painted Pottery Basin means the beginning of all the theories proposed in latter generations.