某院2017~2022年期间抗感染类药品不良反应报告分析

Analysis of adverse reaction reports of anti-infective drugs in a hospital from 2017 to 2022

目的 探究某院2017~2022年期间抗感染类药品不良反应发生的相关因素及用药分析。方法 收集2017~2022年期间抗感染类药品不良反应报告500例进行回顾性分析,分析发生不良反应患者的年龄及性别分布、给药途径、发生不良反应的抗感染类药品分布、累及系统/器官及主要临床表现、不良反应报告类型和报告人职业分布等情况,并根据分析结果,提出抗感染类药品的用药启示。结果500例抗感染类药品不良反应患者中,男女比例为1.07:1,平均年龄(50.63±20.87)岁。不良反应给药途径以静脉滴注为主,占比为85.60%。抗感染药品发生不良反应涉及抗感染药品21个类别、89个品种。喹诺酮类142例(28.40%)是排在首位的药品种类。左氧氟沙星42例(8.40%)是排在首位的单品种。抗感染类药品不良反应累及多个系统/器官,占比最高的是全身反应121例(24.20%)。主要临床表现为过敏性休克74例(14.80%)、过敏反应38例(7.60%)、血小板减少36例(7.20%)、肝功能异常29例(5.80%)等。感染类药品不良反应一般460例(92.00%),占比较大,新的及严重的40例(8.00%),占比较小;从报告人的职业角度看,医生报告223例(44.60%),护士报告200例(40.00%),这两类占比较大。结论 本文通过分析抗感染类药品发生不良反应患者的年龄及性别构成、给药途径、发生不良反应药物的类别及品种、累及系统/器官及主要临床表现、不良反应报告类型和报告人职业分布,启示临床在应用抗感染类药品时,一定要严格依据患者的生理特点、具体病情以及疾病病理本身等给予针对性用药,更要重视抗感染药品的给药途径、给药速度,实时监测给药过程中患者的不良反应情况,以避免或减少抗感染类药品不良反应的发生。

Objective To explore the related factors and medication implications of adverse reactions of anti-infective drugs in a hospital from 2017 to 2022.Methods A retrospective analysis of 500 cases of anti-infective drug adverse reactions reported in a hospital from 2017 to 2022 was conducted.The age and gender distribution,route of administration,distribution of anti-infective drugs with adverse reactions,and adverse drug reactions were analyzed.Involved systems/organs and main clinical manifestations,types of adverse reactions reported and occupational distribution of reporters,etc.,and based on the analysis results,we put forward the use of anti-infective drugs.Results Among the 500 patients with adverse reactions to anti-infective drugs in a hospital,the male to female ratio was 1.07∶1,and the average age was(50.63±20.87)years old.The main route of administration of adverse reactions was intravenous drip,accounting for 85.60%.The adverse reactions of anti-infective drugs involved 21 categories and 89 varieties of antiinfective drugs.142 cases(28.40%)of quinolones were the top drug category.42 cases(8.40%)of levofloxacin were the single variety in the first place.The adverse reactions of anti-infective drugs involved multiple systems/organs,and systemic reactions accounted for the highest proportion in 121 cases(24.20%).The main clinical manifestations were anaphylactic shock in 74 cases(14.80%),allergic reaction in 38 cases(7.60%),thrombocytopenia in 36 cases(7.20%),and abnormal liver function in 29 cases(5.80%).Infectious drug adverse reactions were generally 460 cases(92.00%),accounting for a relatively large proportion,and 40 new and serious adverse reactions(8.00%),accounting for a relatively small proportion;Doctors reported 223 cases(44.60%),nurses reported 200 cases(40.00%),and these two categories accounted for a larger proportion.Conclusion This article analyzes the age and gender composition,route of administration,type and variety of adverse drug reactions,involved systems/organs and main clinical manifestations,types of adverse reactions reported and occupational distribution of reporters by analyzing the age and gender composition of patients with adverse reactions of anti-infective drugs.It suggests that when applying anti-infective drugs in clinical practice,targeted drugs must be given strictly according to the patient's physiological characteristics,specific conditions and the disease pathology itself,and more attention should be paid to the route of administration and speed of administration of anti-infective drugs,and real-time monitoring of the adverse reactions of patients during the drug process can be avoided or reduced to avoid the occurrence of adverse reactions of anti-infective drugs.