微生物视紫红质的研究进展

Research progress on microbial rhodopsins

微生物视紫红质是广泛存在于微生物中的一类光敏性膜蛋白。这类蛋白可划分为两个蛋白家族:Ⅰ型微生物视紫红质和近期发现的阳光视紫红质。两个蛋白家族的七跨膜螺旋结构相似,但膜拓扑结构朝向相反。在光循环中,它们通过共有的7个跨膜螺旋构象变化,执行一系列不同的光介导的能量和信号转导过程。系统综述了微生物视紫红质的研究进展,包括其发现、分类、结构功能、生态学意义及其在生物技术中的应用。

Microbial rhodopsins are photoreceptive proteins widely found in microorganisms.These proteins are cat‑egorized into two families:typeⅠmicrobial rhodopsins and the recently discovered microbial heliorhodopsin.The two protein families have similar seven transmembrane helices but opposite membrane orientations.These rhodopsins partici‑pate in a portfolio of distinct light‐driven energy and sensory transduction processes through conformational changes of the shared seven transmembrane helices during the simliar photocycle.In this overview,we discuss the research progress of microbial rhodopsins,including the discovery,classification,structural function,and ecological roles of these two rhodop‑sin families.