计及新能源波动的分布式储能分层控制策略

Distributed Energy Storage Layered Control Strategy Considering Renewable Energy Fluctuations

高比例间歇性新能源的接入与大量电力电子设备的投入使用,给配电网的稳定运行带来极大的影响,分布式能源通过适当的管理能够缓解配电网的压力,并降低用能成本。在政策利好的推动下,全国多地推出“新能源+储能”配套方案,其中分布式新能源与储能的结合更是得到力捧。相比集中式储能,分布式储能投资压力小,电力的线路耗损少。开发分层预测控制算法,通过层级分权和责任授权发挥储能系统的主动性,不同层级的储能通过自主协调进行需求响应。能源管理优化对分布式能源和负载分钟级的监督控制,解决多目标线性优化问题;实时能源管理系统根据实际的测量值调整最优的方案,启发式地补偿亚秒级扰动;基于模型预测控制(model predictive control,MPC)的电池管理系统将未来的需求传达给能源管理优化模型,实现对整个电站的分层控制管理,对各场站的储能设备进行功率分配,对储能设备提供实时能量管理,最大限度地减少用电时间和成本,同时满足电网要求。在MATLAB和控制器硬件在环(controller hardware-in-the-loop,CHIL)仿真环境中验证的结果表明,相比于电站配置的不受控情况,分层控制器可以将电网的总能耗降低约28%,该控制方法能够提高分布式电源的渗透率,提升资产利用率,满足区域配电网稳定运行、电能质量、供电可靠性等,促进分布式储能系统在电力系统中的应用。

The integration of a high proportion of intermittent new energy and the utilization of a large number of power electronic equipment have brought significant impact on the stable operation of the distribution network.Distributed energy can relieve the pressure of the distribution network and reduce the energy consumption cost through proper management.Under the promotion of favorable policies,many places in the country have launched"new energy+energy storage"supporting programs,of which the combination of distributed new energy and energy storage has been strongly held.Distributed energy storage has less investment pressure and less power line loss than centralized energy storage This paper develops a hierarchical predictive control algorithm to exert the initiative of the energy storage system through hierarchical decentralization and responsibility authorization,and different levels of energy storage respond to demand through autonomous coordination.Energy management optimization for distributed energy and load minute level supervision and control,to solve the multi-objective linear optimization problem;The real-time energy management system adjusts the optimal scheme according to the actual measured value,and compensates the subsecond disturbance heuristically.The battery management system based on model predictive control(MPC)conveys the future demand to the energy management optimization model,realizes the hierarchical control management of the entire power station,distributes the power of the energy storage equipment of each station,provides real-time energy management for the energy storage equipment,and minimizes the time and cost of electricity consumption,while meeting the requirements of the grid.The verification results in the controller Matlab simulation environment show that,compared with the uncontrolled configuration of the power station,the layered controller can reduce the total energy consumption of the power grid by about 28%.This control method can improve the penetration rate of distributed power supply,improve the utilization rate of assets,and meet the regional distribution network stable operation,power quality,and power supply reliability.Promote the application of distributed energy storage systems in power systems.