芬兰国家层面编程教育创新项目“伊诺卡斯”的发展与启示

The Development and Insight of Finland's National-Level Programming Education Innovation Project"INNOKAS"

芬兰“伊诺卡斯”(INNOKAS)编程教育项目经过近二十年的发展,成为旨在促进中小学生21世纪技能发展的国家层面项目。该项目以积极的理念框架为引领,依托灵活扁平的组织架构,开展创意编程、教师专业发展培训、机器人编程竞赛等一系列活动。借鉴芬兰经验,我国中小学编程教育应紧扣国家战略及课程政策促进未来人才培养,理论与实践良性互哺助力项目持续发展,注重编程教育与其它学科教育融合实施,以项目为载体推动校内外多元主体协作,激励学生以“做中学”实现自主创新,开展多类型教师培训为编程教育提供智力支撑。

Over the past two decades,Finland's"Innokas"programming education project has evolved into a national initiative aimed at fostering 21st-century skills among students.Guided by several conceptual frameworks and supported by a flexible and flat organizational structure,the project encompasses a variety of activities,including creative programming,professional development training for teachers,and robotics programming competitions.Drawing on Finland's experience,programming education in Chinese primary and secondary schools should align closely with national strategies and curriculum policies to cultivate future talent.A synergistic relationship between theory and practice is essential for the project's sustainable development.Emphasis should be placed on integrating programming education with other disciplines to foster interdisciplinary learning.Utilizing projects as hubs and platforms can facilitate collaboration among various stakeholders within and outside of schools.Trusting and empowering students to learn through hands-on activities can stimulate autonomous innovation.Additionally,diverse teacher training programs should be implemented to provide intellectual support for programming education.