北美道德心理理论的发展及其对我国德育实践的启示

The Development of Moral Psychological Theory in North America and Its Implications for the Practice of Moral Education in China

近百年来,北美道德心理学重点研究了五个基本问题并提出了若干理论。随着多学科研究聚焦于此,个人道德的来源逐步从后天论向先天论转移,道德认知的发展在形式之外优先区分内容,道德判断的基础兼有理性与情感,道德行为的展现受制于心理与情境,道德的主题超越一元走向多维,道德的本质出现了普世与文化之争。这些研究的启示在于:我国德育实践应重构德育的人性基础,肯定儿童本性善良;建立德育的领域分类,引领儿童道德认知发展;规范德育的“情理互证”,强化儿童道德判断能力;创设德育的助推情境,支持、保护儿童道德的心理与行动;整合德育的多元主题,关照儿童道德的社会主义性质与全面发展。

In the past hundred years,western moral psychology has focused on five basic problems,and put forward some orientations and theories.As multi-disciplinary research focuses on this,the source of personal morality gradually shifts from acquired theory to innate theory,the development of moral cognition gives priority to distinguishing content outside form,and the basis of moral judgment is both rational and emotional.the display of moral behavior is restricted by psychology and situation,the theme of morality goes beyond monism to multi-dimension,and the essence of morality leads to the dispute between universal and culture.These revelations show that the practice of moral education in China should reconstruct the foundation of human nature of moral education and affirm the goodness of children's nature;establish the classification of fields of moral education and lead the development of children's moral cognition;standardize the"mutual evidence of emotion and reason"of moral education and strengthen children's ability to make moral judgments;create the situation of boosting moral education and support and protect children's moral mentality and action;and integrate the multiple themes of moral education to take care of the socialist nature and comprehensive development of children's morality.