新时代我国学前教育公共服务体制变迁的趋势与特点——基于2010-2023年重要政策文本的分析

The Trend and Characteristics of the Transformation of China's Public Service System for Preschool Education in the New Era:Analysis Based on Important Policy Texts from 2010 to 2023

学前教育公共服务攸关国计民生,对学前儿童及其家庭、社会、党和国家长远可持续发展具有奠基性、全局性、战略性价值。系统梳理分析2010年以来我国学前教育公共服务体制变迁趋势与特点,对全面深入了解新时代我国学前教育公共服务成效具有十分重要的现实意义。研究发现,2010年至今我国学前教育公共服务体制经历了两个重要阶段,第一阶段(2010-2016年)为体制奠基期,即回归政府主导责任、推进学前教育普及普惠;第二阶段(2017-2023年)为体制深化期,即加强党的全面领导,从幼有所育民生保障向幼有优育高质量发展迈进。具体来看,我国2010年以来学前教育公共服务财政投入体制逐步制度化、科学化,注重公益普惠;幼儿园教师队伍建设体制日益规范化、专业化,注重增量提质;学前教育质量评估监管体制不断系统化、过程化,注重持续改进。

Public services for preschool education are crucial to the national economy and people's livelihood,and have foundational,global,and strategic value for the sustainable development of preschool children,their families,society,the Party,and nation.A systematic analysis of the trends and characteristics of the transformation of China's public service system for preschool education since 2010 is of great practical significance for a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the effectiveness of public services in the new era.It is found that China's public service system for preschool education has gone through two important stages since 2010.The first stage(2010-2016)is the foundation period of the system,which is to return to the government's leading responsibility and promote the popularization and inclusiveness of preschool education;the second stage(from 2017 to 2023)is the period of institutional deepening,which means strengthening the comprehensive leadership of the Party and moving towards high-quality development from ensuring people's livelihoods through childcare.Specifically,since 2010,China's public service financial investment system for preschool education has gradually become institutionalized and scientific,emphasizing public welfare and inclusiveness;the construction system of kindergarten teacher team is becoming increasingly standardized and professional,focusing on increasing quantity and improving quality;the quality evaluation and supervision system for preschool education is constantly systematized and process oriented,emphasizing continuous improvement.