662名小学阶段头胎儿童心理健康问题调查研究

Mental health problems among 622 first-born children in primary school

目的调查了解小学阶段头胎儿童心理健康状况及影响因素,为头胎儿童心理健康援助计划提供参考。方法使用自编的小学阶段头胎儿童心理健康调查问卷(父母版),通过微信问卷星的方式对662名小学生父母进行调查,对问卷进行内部一致性信度分析,使用因子分析进行效度分析,采用方差分析对头胎儿童的情绪行为及父母的协调需求等方面进行差异性分析。结果自编问卷的Cronbach’α系数为0.997,与因子1的共同度在0.963~0.987。头胎儿童经常有攻击行为的比率是2.57%,出现情绪问题的比率是5.29%,学业下降的比率是5.44%。双方都是非独生子女的父母的头胎儿童在情绪(F=3.383,P=0.010)和心理健康总分(F=2.663,P=0.047)、协调能力(F=2.665,P=0.047)、对头胎儿童的重视度上(F=3.39,P=0.018)都优于独生子女的父母,独生子女的父母被支持的需求得分(F=12.133,P<0.001)更高,差异有统计学意义。父母对头胎儿童心理健康需求的前5位高频观点依次是心理健康、和睦相处、沟通、健康成长和解决问题。结论头胎儿童的情绪和行为问题比较突出,父母是独生子女的头胎儿童心理健康问题更应该得到关注。

Objective This study investigated the mental health status and influencing factors among firstborn children in primary school,to provide a reference for the mental health assistance program for first-born children.Methods A self-designed questionnaire regarding mental health among first-born children in primary school(parents’edition)was used to investigate 662 parents of primary school children through a WeChat questionnaire.Internal consistency reliability analysis was conducted for the questionnaire,factor analysis was used to assess validity,and variance analysis was used to analyze differences in first-born children’s emotional behaviors and parents’coordination needs.Results The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was 0.997,and the common degree with factor 1 was between 0.963 and 0.987.The rate of frequent aggression was 2.57%,the rate of emotional problems was 5.29%,and the rate of academic decline was 5.44%.The parents of children who had siblings had better emotional(F=3.383,P=0.010)and mental health(F=2.663,P=0.047)scores,coordination ability(F=2.665,P=0.047),and emphasis on the firstborn child(F=3.39,P=0.018)than the parents of only children,and the parents of only children had a higher need for support(F=12.133,P<0.001);the differences were statistically significant.The five highest-frequency views of parents regarding firstborn children’s mental health needs were mental health,harmony,communication,healthy growth,and problem solving.Conclusions The emotional and behavioral problems among first-born children are more prominent.Greater attention should be paid to mental health problems among first-born children whose parents are only children,particularly those whose mothers are only children.