孤独症儿童的“体育与健康课程”教学内容设计与教学效果检验

Teaching Content Design and Teaching Effect Inspection of"Physical Education and Health Curriculum"for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

目的:设计符合孤独症(孤独症谱系障碍,Autism Spectrum Disorders, ASD)儿童身心发展的“体育与健康课程”教学内容,通过10周教学实验检验其对ASD儿童动作协调能力和运动皮质静息功能连接的影响。方法:根据孤独症儿童的身心发展特点,设计了一套以执行功能提升和篮球技术提高为目的的教学内容。共招募11名ASD儿童,持续进行为期10周的教学实验。实验前、后分别应用动作协调能力测量量表(M-ABC2)量表测量受试者动作协调能力,运用功能近红外光谱(fNIRS)监测运动皮质安静状态下的血氧信号,并用“FC-NIRS”软件计算脑区的静息功能连接(RSFC)强度。结果:(1)在实验前后,ASD儿童M-ABC2总分及一级指标(手部精细动作、手眼协调动作以及动态静态平衡能力)均未见有显著性变化(P>0.05);(2)在HbO水平上,实验前后运动皮质RSFC具有临界显著变化(t=2.30,P=0.06),且具有较大的效应量(d=0.87)。结论:持续10周的执行功能和篮球运动对ASD儿童动作协调能力的影响不显著,但对运动皮质静息功能连接具有一定的作用。

OBJECTIVE:The purpose is to design a teaching content system of"Physical Education and Health Curriculum"that conforms to the physical and mental development of children with autism spectrum disorders(ASD).Through a 10-week teaching experiment,examine its influence on the motor coordination ability and resting state functional connectivity(RSFC)of the motor cortex of children with ASD.METHODS:A total of 11 children with ASD were recruited to play basketball twice a week for 10 weeks.Before and after the intervention,M-ABC2 scale was used to measure subjects'motor coordination ability,functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)was used to monitor the blood oxygen signal of the motor cortex in resting state,and FC-NIRS software was used to calculate the resting functional connection intensity of brain region.RESULTS:1)There was no significant change in the total score and first-level index of M-ABC2 in children with ASD before and after exercise intervention(p>0.05).At the HbO signal level,before the experiment(0.20±0.06)and after experiment(0.29±0.11),there was a critical significant change in the RSFC of motor cortex(t=2.30,p=0.06)and has a large effect quantity(d=0.87).CONCLUSION:Basketball exercise twice a week for 10 weeks had no significant effect on ASD children's motor coordination ability,but had some effect on the RSFC of motor cortex.Follow-up research should be carried out on the premise of fully considering climatic conditions,exercise intensity,monitoring exercise density and other factors.