高中学生游泳运动员训练大周期安排研究——以北京市育英学校备战全国中学生游泳挑战赛为例

Training Macrocycle Arrangement for Senior High School Student Swimmers——A Case Study on Beijing Yuying School in Preparation for the National High School Student Swimming Challenge

本文采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、观察法、数理统计法等研究方法,以北京市育英学校备战全国中学生游泳挑战赛为例,对高中学生游泳运动员训练大周期的安排进行研究。结果显示:(1)高中学生游泳运动员备战训练大周期中,一般准备阶段采用1天2练、周日全天休息的时间安排模式;专项准备阶段和赛前训练阶段采用1天1练、周一休息的时间安排模式。(2)高中学生游泳运动员的负荷强度一级为有氧低强度训练、二级为有氧中等强度训练、三级为无氧中等强度训练、四级为无氧高等强度训练。(3)高中学生游泳运动员训练大周期每个阶段1周安排3次力量训练;专项准备阶段和赛前训练阶段,每周三、周日采用“半陆半水”的训练形式。(4)高中学生游泳运动员训练大周期力量训练采用循环训练法和重复训练法,耐力训练采用持续训练法、间歇训练法和重复训练法,速度训练采用重复训练法和短冲训练法,柔韧训练以静态拉伸法为主,技术训练以持续训练法为主。

This study employs literature research method,expert interviews,questionnaires,observations,and mathematical statistics to investigate the training macrocycle arrangement for senior high school student swimmers,using the preparation for the National High School Student Swimming Challenge at Beijing Yuying School as a case study.The results show:(1)During the general preparation phase of the training macrocycle for senior high school student swimmers,a schedule of two training sessions per day with a full day of rest on Sundays is adopted,while a schedule of one training session per day with Mondays off is used during the specific preparation and pre-competition training phases.(2)The intensity levels for senior high school student swimmers are categorized as:level onelow-intensity aerobic training,level twomoderate-intensity aerobic training,level threemoderate-intensity anaerobic training,and level fourhigh-intensity anaerobic training.(3)Each stage of the training macrocycle for senior high school student swimmers includes three strength training sessions per week;during the specific preparation and pre-competition training phases,a"land and water combination"training format is employed on Wednesdays and Sundays.(4)The strength training during the training macrocycle for senior high school student swimmers utilizes cyclic and repetitive training methods,endurance training employs continuous,interval,and repetitive training methods,speed training uses repetitive and sprint training methods,flexibility training primarily involves static stretching,and technical training mainly adopts continuous training methods.