抗战时期湖南茶业改良研究

A Study on the Improvement of Hunan Tea Industry during the Anti-Japanese War

清末以降,华茶在西方农业现代化浪潮下遭受巨大冲击,国际地位愈渐衰颓。为挽救华茶危机,中国开始进行茶业改良。抗战时期,湖南茶业肩负着为抗战服务与产业转型的双重任务,其改良事业涵盖健全茶业组织、改良产制技术、推进茶业统制、发展茶业教育等诸多领域。经改良后,湖南茶业迈入新阶段,并出口大量茶叶换取巨额外汇和军事物资,为抗战胜利作出贡献。但由于国民政府低效且腐败的行政体系以及统制政策下官商农间的利益冲突,同时囿于兵熨不断,致使湖南茶业改良效果有限。

Since the end of the Qing Dynasty,Chinese tea has suffered a great impact under the wave of western agricultural modernization,and its international status has gradually de-clined.In order to save the Chinese tea crisis,China began to reform the tea industry.Dur-ing the Anti-Japanese War,Hunan tea industry undertook the dual tasks of serving for the war of resistance and industrial transformation,and its improvement undertakings covered many fields,such as perfecting tea industry organization,improving production technology,promoting tea industry control,and developing tea industry education.After the improve-ment,Hunan tea industry entered a new stage,and exported a large amount of tea in ex-change for a large amount of foreign exchange and military materials,contributing to the vic-tory of the Anti-Japanese War.However,due to the inefficient and corrupt administrative system of the national government and the conflicts of interests between government offi-cials,businessmen and peasants under the economy controlled policy,and the continuous wars,the improvement effect of Hunan tea industry is limited.