合作化时期农业生产合作社的生产管理——以包工包产为视角的分析

Production Management of Agricultural Cooperatives in the Period of Cooperation:Analysis from the Perspective of Contracted Labor and Contracted Production

合作化时期,根据中央的指示和部署,各地农业生产合作社积极推行包工包产制度,逐步确立和完善生产责任制。实行包工包产制和提高生产管理水平是一项极其复杂、艰苦的工作,虽然在这一过程中有许多不足和问题,一些地方也过早过急地采用高级的劳动组织形式。但不可否认,包工包产制度的推行改进了农业生产合作社的生产管理,调动了社员的生产积极性,提高了劳动效率,巩固了合作社,在政治、经济等方面具有重要的意义。推行劳动定额管理及包工包产制度是社会主义集体经营的一个重要组成部分,适应了生产力发展的水平和要求,它和小农经济的个体生产即“单干”有本质上的不同,不会使农村产生资本主义,使新的生产关系变质。

During the period of cooperation,according to the instructions and deployment of the central government,agricultural production cooperatives around the country actively implemented the system of contracted labor and production,and gradually established and improved the production responsibility system.It is a very complicated and hard work to implement the system of contract labor and production and improve the level of production management.Although there are many shortcomings and problems in this process,some places also adopt advanced labor organization forms too early and too quickly,it is undeniable that the implementation of the system improves the production management of agricultural production cooperatives,mobilizes the production enthusiasm of the members,improves the labor efficiency and consolidates the cooperatives,which is of great significance in politics,economy and other aspects.The implementation of labor quota management and labor contract system is an important part of the socialist collective management,which adapts to the level and requirements of the development of productivity.It is essentially different from the individual production of small-scale peasant economy,that is,"single work",which will not lead to the capital principle in rural areas and the deterioration of new production relations.