7世纪拜占庭粮食危机及其治理

The 7th Century Byzantine Grain Crisis and Its Management

在拜占庭帝国早期,埃及对于帝国的粮食供应起到重要作用。但在7世纪上半叶,埃及两次沦陷,粮仓亦不复存在,帝国首都君士坦丁堡的粮食安全面临严重威胁,爆发了严重的饥荒与瘟疫。为应对危机,拜占庭统治者在前期通过官方主导的物资救助,以及开辟临时粮仓的短期举措,初步缓解了饥荒。之后又在农业衰败的大趋势中进行适应性改革,确保了首都粮食安全的同时又减轻了军需供给压力。从而在此后半个世纪内避免了大饥荒的再次发生,使得帝国平稳度过危机。

In the early Byzantine period,Egypt served as the empire's granary and played a crucial role in ensuring the capital's food supply.However,in the first half of the 7th centu-ry,Egypt fell twice,and the granary ceased to exist.This posed a serious threat to the food security of Constantinople,leading to severe famine and plague outbreaks.To address the crisis,Byzantine rulers initially implemented official-led relief efforts and short-term meas-ures such as establishing temporary granaries,which helped alleviate the famine to some ex-tent.They later implemented adaptive reforms amid the trend of agricultural decline,ensu-ring the capital's food security while reducing the pressure on military supply.As a result,they managed to avoid major famines for the next half-century,enabling the empire to weather the crisis smoothly.