家庭支持对发展儿童基本运动技能的影响——基于社会认知理论

Research on the influence of family support on the development of children’s basic sport skills——based on social cognitive theory

目的:探讨家庭支持与儿童基本运动技能之间的关系,提高父母对儿童基本运动技能重要性认知,也为改善和提高儿童基本运动技能掌握不足提供可靠性证据。方法:以大连市458名儿童及其父母为调查对象,选用大肌肉动作发展测评第三版(TGMD-3)、父母支持量表(ACFS-CN)研究家庭支持对儿童基本运动技能的影响,运用SPSS 25.0软件对数据进行处理和分析。结果:(1)儿童基本运动技能得分偏低,女童(48.23±7.309)得分低于男童(54.74±7.460),并且整体上女童移动性动作技能得分(21.90±3.529)、操作性动作技能得分(26.33±3.971)均低于男童(25.06±3.557,29.68±4.081);(2)父母的锻炼情况、陪伴、共同参与活动与儿童基本运动技能得分呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论:儿童基本运动技能掌握率总体偏低,操作性动作技能与移动性动作技能发展失衡,并且男女童之间存在显著性别差异;家庭支持中父母活动支持行为是影响儿童基本运动技能的重要因素,父母活动限制行为未对儿童基本运动技能产生明显影响。

Objective:To explore the relationship between family support and children’s basic sport skills,improve parents’awareness of the importance of children’s basic sport skills,and provide reliable evidence for improving and enhancing children’s lack of basic sport skills.Methods:In this study,458 children and their parents in Dalian were selected as the investigation objects.Gross Motor Assessment Third Edition(TGMD-3)and Parent Support Scale(ACFS--CN)were used to study the influence of family support on children’s basic sport skills.SPSS 25.0 software was used to process and analyze the data.Result:(1)The rate of basic sport skills of children was low,and the rate of girls(48.23±7.309)was lower than that of boys(54.74±7.460).On the whole,the rates of girls’mobility sport skills(21.90±3.529)and operant sport skills(26.33±3.971)were lower than those of boys(25.06±3.557,29.68±4.081);(2)Parents’exercise,companionship and joint participation in activities were positively correlated with children’s basic motor skills scores.Conclusion:The rate of children’s basic sport skills is generally low,the development of operant and mobility sport skills is unbalanced,there is a significant gender difference between boys and girls.And parental activity support behavior in family support is an important factor affecting children’s basic motor skills,and parental activity restriction behavior has no direct impact on children,s basic sport skills.