美国院校药物经济学研究生培养方案分析与启示

Analysis and Inspiration of Postgraduate Programs of Pharmacoeconomics in U.S.Universities

目的:总结分析美国药物经济学研究生培养方案,为我国药物经济学研究生培养提出建议。方法:通过美国PharmGrad网站和各院校官方网站进行信息收集,整理与药物经济学研究生培养相关的内容,构建分析用Excel数据汇总,从各院校培养方案中的培养目标、培养过程、课程设置3个方面进行分析。结果:共纳入22所开设药物经济学硕士、博士研究生培养方向的美国院校,包括药学院、公共卫生学院等,各院校对硕士研究生和博士研究生的培养目标具有明显的差异,但整体培养目标明确;在研究生的整个培养过程中,采用多种培养方法实现培养过程的多样化,包括开展研讨会、药物经济学方面的独立研究以及提供实习机会等;在课程的开设方面,整体可将课程分为7大类,各院校侧重的课程类型不同,对相应课程的学习内容深度有更高的要求。结论:美国药物经济学研究生培养体系成熟完备,国内药物经济学人才培养可借鉴相关经验,构建有针对性的药物经济学研究生培养体系,重视培养研究生进行药物经济学研究的能力、丰富核心课程设置并加深教学深度。

Objective:To summarize and analyze the postgraduate training programs in Pharmacoeconomics in the United States and provide suggestions for the training of postgraduates in Pharmacoeconomics in China.Methods:Through the information collected on the PharmGrad website in the United States and the official websites of colleges and universities,the content related to the training of postgraduates in Pharmacoeconomics was sorted out.An Excel database for analysis was constructed,and a comparative analysis was made from three aspects of the training objectives,training process,and curriculum settings in the training programs of colleges and universities.Results:A total of 22 US colleges offering master's and doctoral programs in Pharmacoeconomics were included,including schools of pharmacy and schools of public health and so on.There were apparent differences between the training objectives of master and doctoral students in different colleges and universities.In general,the training goals were clear.Throughout the training process of postgraduate students,a multi-purpose training method was adopted to realize the diversification of the training process,including conducting seminars,independent research in Pharmacoeconomics,and providing internship opportunities.In terms of offering courses,the courses could be divided into seven categories as a whole.Each institution focused on different types of courses and had higher requirements for the depth of learning content of the corresponding courses.Conclusion:The US Pharmacoeconomics postgraduate training system is mature and complete.The training of domestic Pharmacoeconomics postgraduate talents can learn from the relevant experience to establish a targeted postgraduate training system for Pharmacoeconomics,especially cultivating postgraduate students'ability to conduct Pharmacoeconomics research,enriching the core curriculum and increasing the indepth of teaching.