19世纪中叶以来呼伦贝尔地区甘珠尔庙会的商业活动及影响

Commercial Activities and Influences of the Ganzhuer Temple Fair in Hulun Buir Area since the Middle of the 19th Century

清代以来,蒙古草原上形成了众多不同类型的庙会,并开展了以庙会为载体的商业活动,其中尤以召庙庙会商业活动的规模为最大、影响也最为深远。呼伦贝尔地区于乾隆时期兴建了甘珠尔庙,在此基础上形成的甘珠尔庙会虽然在民国时期因时局动荡出现过波折,但其仍是清代以来尤其是清后期及民国时期呼伦贝尔地区的重要商业活动平台。庙会商业活动促进了呼伦贝尔与周邻地区甚至与国外的交流互动,加强了生活在呼伦贝尔地区各民族之间及与周邻地区人群之间的密切关系,对于清代北部边疆治理与统一多民族国家的形成与发展均有重要意义。

Since the Qing Dynasty,there have been many different types of temple fairs and commercial activities carried out on the Mongolian Grassland,especially the temple fairs and commercial activities with the largest scale and the most farreaching impact.For example,the Ganjuur Temple built during the Qianlong period in Hulun Buir region and the Ganjuur Temple Fair formed on the basis of this temple continued to exist until the early days of the founding of New China(P.R.C).During the Republic of China,there were twists and turns in the development due to internal and external troubles,but it has always been prosperous and has become an important platform for commercial activities in Hulun Buir region since the Qing Dynasty especially the late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China.Through the commercial activities carried out when the temple fair was held,the exchange and interaction between Hulun Buir and its neighboring regions and even with foreign countries were communicated,and the close relationship between various ethnic groups living in Hulun Buir and the people living in the neighboring regions was strengthened,which was of great significance for the governance of the northern frontier and the formation and development of a unified multi-ethnic country in the Qing Dynasty.