新中国农业灌溉水费征收问题研究(1949-1982)——以石津灌区为例

Study on the Collection of Agricultural Irrigation Water Charges in People's Republic of China(1949-1982)——Taking Shijin Irrigation District as an Example

水资源分配是农业发展的重要问题,而水费的征收方式是当代水资源分配的直接体现。石津灌区作为华北地区重要的大型灌区,自1949年成立即开始征收水费,至1982年其水费征收经历了初始起步(1949-1957)、艰难开展(1958-1972)、提升改进(1973-1982)等三个历史发展阶段,过程中水费征收标准逐步规范化,农业水费也成为了灌区管理部门的主要收入。然而,由于灌区水价偏低,水费收入难以覆盖灌区运行成本,导致灌区收支失衡。因此,如何合理核定水费标准、优化征收方式,以平衡灌区收入与群众经济负担,是水费征收工作面临的重要问题,这也为当前水费征收的改进提供了宝贵的历史镜鉴。

Water resources allocation is an important issue in agricultural development,and the collection of water charges is the direct embodiment of contemporary water resources allocation.As an important large-scale irrigation area in North China,Shijin Irrigation Area began to levy water charges immediately from 1949 to 1982,and experienced three historical development stages:initial start(1949-1957),difficult development(1958-1972),and improvement(1973-1982).In the process,the water charge collection standard was gradually standardized.Agricultural water charges have also become the main income of irrigation district management departments.However,due to the low water price,the water fee income is difficult to cover the operation cost of the irrigation district,which leads to the imbalance of income and expenditure in the irrigation district.Therefore,how to reasonably determine the water charge standard and optimize the collection method,in order to balance the income of irrigation areas and the economic burden of the masses,is an important issue facing the water charge collection work,which also provides a valuable historical mirror for the improvement of the current water charge collection.