论非法经营同类营业罪的不法

On the Wrongfulness of the Crime of Illegally Operating the Same Kind of Business

现行《中华人民共和国刑法》第165条规定的非法经营同类营业罪,可以分为“国有公司、企业高管”非法经营同类营业罪与“其他公司、企业高管”非法经营同类营业罪两种规范类型。非法经营同类营业罪保护的法益是公司、企业高管职务行为的公正性和竞争性经营收益的财产权;实施不法行为的主体是“公司、企业高管”,包括“国有公司、企业高管”及“其他公司、企业高管”;不法行为定型包括“公司、企业高管”实施非法经营同类营业的行为要素和结果要素,“其他公司、企业高管”不法行为定型中的结果要素同时包含获利结果和损失结果。在“公司、企业高管”的行为同时构成非法经营同类营业罪和受贿罪(或非国家工作人员受贿罪)时,应依法进行数罪并罚;在“公司、企业高管”的行为同时构成非法经营同类营业罪和为亲友非法牟利罪或者侵犯商业秘密罪时,应按照想象竞合犯的处断原则——“从一重处断”原则——定罪处罚。

The crime of unlawful operation of similar businesses as stipulated in Article 165 of the Criminal Law of P.R.C.can be divided into two normative types:the crime of unlawful operation of similar businesses by"executives of state-owned companies and enterprises"and by"executives of other companies and enterprises".The protected legal interest of the crime of unlawful operation of similar businesses is the fairness and competitiveness of the executive ac-tions of companies and enterprises,as well as the property rights of the profits from competitive business operations.The subject of the illegal act is"executives of companies and enterprises",which includes two normative types:"executives of state-owned companies and enterprises","executives of other companies and enterprises".The typology of the illegal act includes the be-havioral and result elements of"executives of companies and enterprises"'engaging in the unlaw-ful operation of similar businesses,and the result elements in the typology of the illegal act for"executives of other companies and enterprises"also include both profit and loss outcomes.When the actions of"executives of companies and enterprises"constitute both the crime of unlawful operation of similar businesses and the crime of bribery(or the crime of bribery by non-state personnel),multiple crimes should be punished according to law;when the actions of"execu-tives of companies and enterprises"constitute both the crime of unlawful operation of similar businesses and the crime of illegal profit-making for relatives and friends or the crime of in-fringement of trade secrets,the principle of"punishing the most severe crime"in the imaginary concurrence of crimes should be applied for conviction and punishment.