联合国语言政策80年演进

The Evolution of United Nations'Language Policy

联合国成立80年来,其语言政策不断发展演进。按照关键事件和政策重点,可以分为4个阶段:(1)联合国在1945年成立之后,遵循《联合国宪章》精神,多语制成为创始原则,语言政策聚焦语言服务能力建设;(2)20世纪70年代以后,中文和阿拉伯文成为工作语言,但随着成员国数量增加,多语制沦为象征原则,语言服务成本负担成为关注话题;(3)1995年联合国成立50周年之际,成员国对联合国语言权利平等的诉求催生了《使用多种语文》等大会系列决议,多语制上升为联合国的核心原则,会议服务效率、网站语言平等、信息技术利用成为政策核心内容;(4)2017年古特雷斯秘书长就职以来,多语制成为联合国的优先事项。联合国进行了一系列改革,全面落实大会决议及多语制评估中提出的各项要求,以促进包容性与沟通效率。联合国语言政策的发展演进既体现出该组织对全球政治、经济格局变迁和信息技术发展的主动适应,也反应出成员国语言权利意识的觉醒。目前多语制已成为联合国制度合法性的基石。

The language policies of the United Nations have continuously evolved in the past 80 years,and can be divided into four stages:(1)After the establishment of the UN in 1945,following the spirit of the United Nations Charter,multilingualism became the founding principle,and the language policy focused on building language service capabilities;(2)From 1970s,Chinese and Arabic became working languages,but multilingualism became a symbolic principle,and the burden of language service cost emerged as a topic of concern;(3)On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the UN in 1995,member states'demand for equal language rights gave rise to General Assembly resolutions named“Multilingualism”and multilingualism upgraded as a core principle;(4)Since Guterres took office in 2017,multilingualism has become a priority.The UN has carried out a series of reforms to fully implement the requirements proposed in General Assembly resolutions and JIU assessments to promote inclusivity and efficiency.The development and evolution of the UN language policies not only reflects the organization's proactive adaptation to global political and economic changes and information technology innovation,but also reflects the awakening of language rights awareness among member states.Currently,multilingualism has become the cornerstone of the legitimacy of the UN system.