延迟退休背景下自雇型就业的健康效应与作用机制分析——来自CHARLS中老年劳动者的经验证据

Analysis of the Health Effects and Mechanisms of Self-Employed Employment in the Context of Delayed Retirement Based on the Empirical Evidence from Older Workers in CHARLS

目的:自雇型就业是未来中老年劳动力的主要就业方式,研究自雇型中老年劳动者的健康效应对延迟退休政策颁布和实施极具现实意义。方法:利用中国健康与养老调查数据,基于中介效应模型系统考察自雇型就业对于中老年劳动者健康影响效应以及作用机制。结论:受雇相对于自雇而言存在“健康庇护”现象,社会经济变量在中老年自雇型就业者健康影响渠道中发挥绝对性作用,睡眠时间、社交活动以及个人收入对身体功能障碍水平有显著性影响,尤其是对高龄和农业领域的中老年劳动者影响更为显著。建议:未来着力点在于完善个人健康行为、构建积极的老龄就业法律、公共服务体系和社会保障体系以及通过第三方健康支持保证群体身体健康,以期延迟中国人口红利消失速度,提升渐进式延迟法定退休年龄政策实施效果。

Objective To study the impact of health effect of self-employed middle-aged and elderly people on the implementation of the delayed retirement policy.Methods Based on data from the China Health and Elderly Survey,the mediating effect model was used to systematically analyze the impact of self-employment on the health of middle-aged and elderly laborers and the mechanism.Results The phenomenon of"health sheltering"existed in the case of employment versus self-employment.Socioeconomic variables played an absolute role in the health impact channels of self-employed middle-aged and older workers,in which sleep duration,social activities,and personal income had a significant impact on the level of physical dysfunction,especially for middle-aged and elderly workers in the elderly and agricultural sectors.Conclusion It is suggested to focus on improving personal health behaviors,establishing a comprehensive employment law system,public employment service system,and social security system for active ageing and group health condition through the third-party support,in order to delay the disappearance of Chinas demographic dividend and enhance the effectiveness of the gradual delay of the statutory retirement age policy.