社会参与对独居老人生活满意度的影响——抑郁的中介作用

The Effect of Social Participation on the Life Satisfaction in Older Adults Living Alone Based on the Mediating Role of Depression

目的:研究社会参与对独居老人生活满意度的影响,探索抑郁的中介作用,为改善独居老人生活质量提供学术参考。方法:基于2018年中国老年人健康长寿影响因素调查(CLHLS)追踪数据,利用多元有序Logistic回归分析数据,并使用Boostrap方法分析抑郁的中介效应。结果:分别有61.8%、33.9%和4.3%的独居老人认为自己生活好、一般、差;每个月至少进行一项社会参与活动的独居老人占比94.31%;抑郁得分范围0~33分,样本平均分数是21.2分;独居老人参与社会活动能够有效提升其对生活的满意度(参照:有社会参与,无社会参与OR=1.758,95%CI:0.108~1.019),抑郁得分负向影响独居老人生活满意度(r=-0.157,P<0.001);中介效应分析表明,抑郁在模型中得起到完全中介作用(95%CI:-0.197~-0.106,P<0.001),社会参与通过减少抑郁情绪而提升老人生活满意度。结论:独居老人更容易产生社会隔离、出现抑郁症状,政府和社区应鼓励其积极进行社会参与,提高身心健康水平和自我认同感,从而提升老人的生活满意度,助力积极老龄化的实现。

Objective To study the effect of social participation on life satisfaction of elderly people living alone,explore the mediating role of depression,and provide academic reference for improving the quality of life of the elderly living alone.Methods Data of 2018 China Elderly Health and Longevity Survey(CLHLS)was analyzed by using multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis.And the Boostrap method was used to analyze the mediating effect of depression.Results 61.8%,33.9%and 4.3%of the elderly living alone thought that their life was good,average or poor,respectively.94.31%of the elderly living alone carried out at least one social participation activity every month.Depression scores range from O to 33 points,with a sample average score of 21.2.The participation of the elderly living alone in social activities can effectively improve their satisfaction with life,and the depression score negatively affects the life satisfaction of the elderly living alone.The mediating effect analysis showed that depression played a complete mediating role in the model,and social participation improved the life satisfaction of the elderly by reducing depression.Conclusion The elderly living alone were more likely to have social isolation and depression symptoms.The government and community should encourage them to actively participate in society to improve their physical and mental health and self-identity,which can improve the life satisfaction of the elderly and the realization of active aging.