单纯超声引导下经皮成人房间隔缺损封堵术的临床研究

Study of the transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects in adults guided by echocardiography only

目的探讨单纯超声引导经股静脉路径封堵成人房间隔缺损手术的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2021年8月至2023年11月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院心脏外科进行经皮介入治疗的房间隔缺损成人患者116例,其中男17例,女99例;年龄18~73(39.7±11.5)岁,诊断中央型房间隔缺损110例,卵圆孔未闭型房间隔缺损6例。患者心功能正常,无合并其他心内畸形。患者均在气管插管全身麻醉下经股静脉路径,在经食管超声心动图和经胸超声心动图的引导下,进行房间隔缺损封堵术。结果114例患者房间隔缺损封堵成功。失败2例,1例大筛孔型房间隔缺损患者术中封堵器释放后,仍存在大量分流,遂撤回封堵器;另1例为大房间隔缺损(34 mm),左心房小,尝试肺静脉释放法失败;2例患者均中转胸腔镜辅助下房间隔缺损修补术。封堵成功患者平均手术时间(17.4±5.6)min,使用房间隔缺损封堵器平均直径(27.3±6.5)mm。术中未发生外周血管损伤、封堵器移位/脱落、严重残余分流等严重并发症。所有封堵成功患者拔除气管插管后直接转回普通病房,术后住院(2.1±0.9)d。结论单纯超声引导下经皮封堵成人房间隔缺损手术创伤小,安全有效,并能够避免X线损伤。

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcome of transcatheter closure of adult’s atrial septal defect(ASD)by femoral vein under the guidance of echocardiography.Methods A total of 116 adults diagnosed with ASD and scheduled for transcatheter closure surgery were included in this study.The participants consisted of 17 males and 99 females and were treated at the Department of Cardiac Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between August 2021 and November 2023.The age of the patients was 18–73(39.7±11.5)years old.Among 116 patients,110 cases had central ASD,6 cases had patent foramen ovale.All patients had normal cardiac function and no other cardiac abnormalities were detected.All the operations were performed with ASD occlusion via the femoral vein under general anesthesia.ASD occlusion was guided by transesophageal or/and transthoracic echocardiography.Results Out of the total 116 cases included in the study,successful ASD occlusion was achieved in 114 cases with the guidance of echo-cardiography.However,in two cases,the procedure was unsuccessful.One patient,who had multiple atrial septal defects,experienced a significant residual shunt of 4 mm after transcatheter closure of ASD.The other patient,who had a large ASD and a small left atrium,also experienced a failed occlusion.In these two cases underwent repair of ASD under complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.The procedural time was 15–40(17.4±5.6)min.The occluders diameter was 14–44(27.3±6.5)mm.No instances of peripheral vascular injury,occluder fall-off,occlusive displacement,obvious residual shunt,or other complications were observed in patients who underwent successful occlusion procedures during and after the operation.All patients were admitted to the general ward after successful extubation inside the operating room.The post-operative hospital stay was(2.1±0.9)days.Conclusions The transcatheter closure of ASD through femoral vein puncture,guided by echocardiography,is a safe and feasible procedure for adult patients.This minimally invasive approach poses no risk of radiation injury.