连动结构“S.+V1+NP+V2+(NP)”中V1功能转换现象考察

An Examination of the Phenomenon of V1 Functional Transition in the Linkage Structure "S.+V1+NP+V2+(NP)"

该文运用原型范畴的理论及先行研究成果,探讨汉语语法中连动结构“S.+V1+NP+V2+(NP)”中V1的功能与介词功能发生转换的现象。基于现代汉语基本句法结构关系,先对连动结构“S.+V1+NP+V2+(NP)”的内涵与范围进行界定。从形态句法层面上看,连动结构“S.+V1+NP+V2+(NP)”中“V1”“V2”出现的顺序,与话语中事件发生的时空排列顺序相关,使得介词义取代“V1”的原型义成为可能。从话语功能层面上看,连动结构“S.+V1+NP+V2+(NP)”中“V1”的功能与介词发生转换受到话语层面隐喻过程的影响,使得“V1”原型义不再稳定而呈现“V1”去范畴化的现象。从语义角色、话语层面对“V1”功能变化现象的成因进行分析,可以进一步论证认知中话语的倾向性与语言中动词和介词转换现象有密切关联。

Applying the theory of prototypical categories and the results of prior research,this paper explores the phenomenon that the function of V1 in Chinese grammar the linking structure S.+V1+NP+V2+(NP)is transformed with the function of prepositions.Based on the basic syntactic structural relations of modern Chinese,the connotation and scope of the linking structure S.+V1+NP+V2+(NP)are first defined.From the morphosyntactic level,the order in which V1 and V2 appear in the linking structure S.+V1+NP+V2+(NP)is related to the temporal and spatial arrangement of events in the discourse,which makes it possible for the prepositional meaning to replace the prototypical meaning of V1.From the discourse functional level,the function of V1 in the linking structure S.+V1+NP+V2+(NP)is influenced by the metaphorical process at the discourse level,which makes the prototypical meaning of V1 unstable and presents the phenomenon of V1 de-categorization.The analysis of the semantic roles and the discourse level of the causes of the phenomenon of the change of the function of V1 can further argue that the tendency of the discourse in cognition is closely related to the phenomenon of the conversion of verbs and prepositions in the language.