“差点儿VP”的论辩与预期理论比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Debate and Expectancy Theory of "Almost VP"

该文将从语义角度对“差点儿VP”进行探析。首先,引用论辩理论推断出“差点儿”是具有积极义的正向论辩算子;其次,引进预期理论,指出在特定语境中,说话双方会对事件实现的可能性进行预判,“差点儿”能够在不同事态的指引下,反映出相异的预期状况:当“VP”代表好的事态时,话语含遗憾义,当“VP”代表坏的事态时,话语则含庆幸义。论辩理论和预期理论间既存在联系又有区别,共同作用于“差点儿VP”结构中,帮助推进其语言共性与个性的揭示。最后,将“概率”作为副词研究的语义特征,根据该会话中事件发生可能性的大小,推断其具有反预期性。得出结论:在正向心理期待和反预期性特征的共同作用下,实现“差点儿VP”完整语义的构建与识解。

This article will explore the concept of"almost VP"from a semantic perspective.Firstly,by citing argumentative theory,it is inferred that"almost VP"is a positive argumentative operator with positive connotations.Secondly,introducing the expectancy theory,it is pointed out that in a specific context,both speakers will predict the possibility of the event being realized,and"almost"can reflect different expected situations under different circumstances:when"VP"represents a good situation,the discourse contains regret,and when"VP"represents a bad situation,the discourse contains happiness.There are both connections and differences between argumentative theory and expectancy theory,which work together in the"almost VP"structure to help reveal its linguistic commonalities and individualities.Furthermore,by studying the semantic feature of"probability"as an adverb,it can be inferred that the event in the conversation has anti expectedness based on its likelihood of occurrence.Conclusion:under the combined effect of positive psychological expectations and negative expectations,the construction and interpretation of the complete semantics of"almost VP"can be achieved.