文化制衡视域下的明清湘西各民族交往交流交融研究——基于苗疆边墙的历史考察

A Study on the Association, Communication and Integration of Various Ethnic Groups in Xiangxi During the Ming and Qing Dynasties from the Perspective of Cultural Restraint and Balance-Based on a Historical Investigation of the Miao Border Wall

“文化制衡”理论认为,人类社会的存在必然是一个“偏离”与“回归”交替出现,不断再适应的推进过程,任何一个民族绝不会只对某一两个民族保持密切关系,而是同时要与众多民族发生不同程度的依存制约关系。该文运用文化制衡理论对明清两朝苗疆边墙的修筑历史予以解读,阐述了湘西苗疆各民族之间冲突、调适、耦合的过程。苗疆边墙的修筑,虽然达到了“民”“苗”分而治之的目的,但并未物理隔绝“墙内”“墙外”的社会联系。各民族以墙为“介”,打破了族群壁垒,重构了苗疆社会秩序,最终实现了“你中有我,我中有你”的民族交融局面,成为中国民族地区民族和睦的典范。

The theory of"cultural restraint and balances"holds that the existence of human society must be a process of alternating"deviation"and"return"and continuous adaptation.No nation will never maintain a close relationship with one or two ethnic groups,but must have different degrees of dependence with many ethnic groups at the same time.The article uses the theory of cultural restraint and balance to interpret the construction history of the Miao border wall,and elaborates on the process of conflict,adjustment,and integration among various ethnic groups in Xiangxi.The construction of the Xiangxi Miao border wall,although achieving the goal of dividing and governing the people and Miao,did not physically isolate the social connections within and outside the wall.Various ethnic groups have used walls as a medium to break down ethnic barriers,reconstruct the social order of the Miao area,and ultimately achieve a situation of ethnic integration where"I'm in you,you're in me",becoming a model of ethnic harmony in Chinese ethnic areas.