穗材差异对刺龙牙水培产量的影响

Effect of cutting difference on the production of hydroponic yield of Ara1ia elata

刺龙牙嫩芽味美香甜、清嫩醇厚、野味浓郁,被誉为“山野菜之王”。然而其野生产量远不能满足市场需求,因此,研发一种方便快捷、易于推广且操作性强的刺龙牙栽培技术显得尤为迫切。以辽东山区2种刺龙牙穗材为试材,探讨穗材品种、茎杆长度及梢径对刺龙牙水培生产过程及产量的影响,旨在寻找适合水培生产的刺龙牙穗材指标,提升水培生产效率。结果表明:品种2较品种1开始采摘提前约1.8 d;茎杆长度越长,发芽时间越早,且发芽时间相对集中,从而更早开始采摘,采摘时间更长,采摘次数更多;同样,茎杆越细,发芽时间也越早,且结束发芽时间更早,发芽时间更为集中。此外,刺龙牙穗材水培嫩芽的单根产量达到(18.9±6.2)g,且品种2的水培嫩芽产量高于品种1。当茎杆长度控制在30~60 cm、梢径在10~16 mm范围内时,茎杆长度和梢径均与水培嫩芽产量呈现正相关。

The young buds of Aralia elata are delicious,sweet,fresh,mellow,and rich in wild flavor,known as the"king of mountain vegetables".However,its wild production can hardly meet market demand.Therefore,it is particularly urgent to develop a convenient,easy-to-promote,and highly operable cultivation technique for Aralia elata.This study used two types of Aralia elata spikes from the mountainous area of eastern Liaoning as test materials to explore the effects of spike varieties,stem length,and shoot diameter on the hydroponic production process and yield of Aralia elata,aiming to find suitable spike indicators for hydroponic production and thereby improve the efficiency of hydroponic production.The results showed that variety 2 began harvesting about 1.8 days earlier than variety 1.The longer the stem length,the earlier the germination time,and the germination time was relatively concentrated,resulting in earlier harvesting,longer harvesting time,and more harvesting times.Similarly,the thinner the stem,the earlier the germination time and the earlier the end of germination,with germination time being more concentrated.In addition,the single-root yield of hydroponic young buds of Aralia elata spikes reached(18.9±6.2)g,and the yield of hydroponic young buds of variety 2 was higher than that of variety 1.Specifically,when the stem length was controlled within 30~60 cm and the shoot diameter was within 10~16 mm,both the stem length and shoot diameter showed a positive correlation with the yield of hydroponic young buds.