林下园参栽培技术及产量研究

Study on cultivation techniques and yield of garden Panax ginseng in forest

为研究在保证不破坏林地环境的前提下,将园参栽培技术应用于林下参栽培,通过试验对参苗移栽与管理技术进行分析,包括选择最佳的移栽时间、控制适宜的覆土厚度以及林下园参的施肥、除草等管理措施,进而优化林下园参栽培与管理技术。结果表明:秋季移栽,较春栽4月上旬和中下旬林下园参的株高、根状茎直径、根状茎鲜重分别高12.57%、14.01%、18.75%和4.12%、3.39%、3.32%;移栽覆土厚度3~5 cm,1年生林下园参的株高、根状茎直径、根状茎鲜重较覆土≥5 cm和≤3 cm分别高23.16%、35.23%、35.81%和13.94%、29.35%、22.32%;施肥措施为生物菌肥最佳;对林下园参进行人工除草3次较1次人工除草和不除草的5年生林下园参株高、根状茎直径、根状茎鲜重分别高22.87%、34.13%、25.58%和82.06%、52.25%、102.72%;林下参至收获年即15 a时667 m2仅为3570株,而林下园参的收获年即6 a时667 m2保苗数达到25630株;林下园参5 a平均根茎干重比林下参10 a提高了64.9%。

To study how to apply the cultivation techniques of garden ginseng to the cultivation of understory ginseng while ensuring no damage to the forest environment,the experiment analyzes the transplanting and management techniques of ginseng seedlings,including selecting the best transplanting time,controlling the appropriate soil covering thickness,and managing measures such as fertilization and weeding of understory ginseng,thus optimizing the cultivation and management techniques of understory ginseng.The results show that:using autumn transplanting,the growth indexes of understory ginseng were higher than those of spring-planted understory ginseng by 12.57%,14.01%,18.75%and 4.12%,3.39%,3.32%in plant height,rhizome diameter,and rhizome fresh weight;with a soil covering thickness of 3~5 cm,the plant height,rhizome diameter,and rhizome fresh weight of one-year-old understory ginseng were higher than those with soil covering≥5 cm and≤3 cm by 23.16%,35.23%,35.81%and 13.94%,29.35%,22.32%;the best fertilization measure is biological bacterial fertilizer;the plant height,rhizome diameter,and rhizome fresh weight of 5-year-old understory ginseng with three times of artificial weeding were higher than those with one time of artificial weeding and no weeding by 22.87%,34.13%,25.58%and 82.06%,52.25%,102.72%;the number of seedlings preserved in understory ginseng reaches only 3570 per 667 m2 at the harvest year of 15 years,while the number of seedlings preserved in understory ginseng reaches 25630 per 667 m2 at the harvest year of 6 years;the average dry weight of rhizomes in understory ginseng is 64.9%higher than that in understory ginseng at 10 years.