基于冷害抗性诱导和精准用药的烟草健康栽培全程植保托管服务技术方案——以云南省德宏州陇川县为例

Healthy Cultivation Technology Scheme of Tobacco Based on Chillingresistance Inducing and Precision Medicine

云南德宏烟区低温冷害问题突出,严重影响了当地烟株的早生快发、烟株抗病和抗逆性,田间烟草青枯病和病毒病等病害的发生也对德宏烟区的烤烟生产造成了较大的不利影响.通过制定基于冷害抗性诱导和精准用药的烟草健康栽培全程植保托管服务技术方案,探究了该技术方案对于烟株生长、病害发生情况和烟叶产质量的影响.结果表明,该方案能有效缓解田间低温冷害对烟株生长的不利影响,显著促进烟株早生快发,移栽后20d处理区烟株根系鲜质量较对照区显著提高了41.16%,团棵期处理区烟株株高、茎围和最大叶面积分别较对照区提高了26.28%、43.72%和32.15%,发病高峰期处理区烟草青枯病、黑胫病、马铃薯Y病毒病和花叶病毒病病情指数较对照区分别降低了34.05%、83.72%、84.25%和73.33%,烟叶产值增加579.20元/667 m^(2),同时节约病害防控药剂投入84元/667m^(2),增收率达15.53%,具有明显的促生、控病、增产增收效果,为德宏烟区的冷害风险管理和病害防控提供了参考.

In Dehong Prefecture,Yunnan Province,the problem of chilling on tobacco was prominent,which seriously affected the early growth,the disease resistance and reverse of tobacco plants.The occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt disease and virus disease also had a great adverse effect on the yield and quality of tobacco leaves in Dehong.There is an urgent need for a feasible,effective and reliable technical solutions to serve the healthy cultivation of tobacco in Dehong.Aiming at solving the lack of integrated technology system of chilling managing and disease control in Longchuan County,Dehong Prefecture,this study formulated a technical scheme of plant protection in the whole process of tobacco healthy cultivation and the effect of the scheme was investigated.The results showed that the program could effectively alleviate the chilling,and significantly promote the root development,the fresh weight of root development of tobacco plants in the treatment area was significantly increased by 41.16%after 20 days of transplantation,while the plant height,stem circumference and maximum leaf area in the treatment fields were increased by 26.28%,43.72%and 32.15%,respectively,compared with the control fields.The control effectiveness of tobacco bacterialwiltdisease,black shank disease,potato Y virus disease and common Mosaic virus disease in the field were 34.05%,83.72%,84.25%and 73.33%,respectively.Moreover,the output value of tobacco increased by 579.20 yuan/667 m^(2),while the investment of disease control agents was saved by 84 yuan/667 m^(2),and the income increase rate reached 15.53%,which had obvious effect of disease control and income increase,and provided a reference for risk management of chilling managing and disease control in Dehong.