2020~2022年承德市气传花粉浓度与常见过敏性疾病的相关性分析

Correlation analysis of airborne pollen concentration and allergic diseases in Chengde from 2020 to 2022

目的讨论承德市主要的气传花粉浓度与过敏性疾病就诊诊次的相关关系。方法采用重力沉降法监测2020~2022年每年3月1日至10月15日河北省承德市每日气传花粉浓度及其种类。通过承德市中心医院计算机中心HIS系统统计耳鼻咽喉科、呼吸科、眼科门诊中以常见的过敏性鼻炎、过敏性哮喘及过敏性结膜炎就诊的患者诊次,对以上诊断患者的就诊诊次和花粉浓度相关性进行分析。因皮肤科过敏性疾病原因众多,如饮食、药物、皮肤接触等,因气传花粉引起的皮肤过敏相对较少,并多伴有鼻部症状,耳鼻咽喉科就诊居多,遂未统计皮肤科常见过敏性疾病。结果承德市每年的花粉浓度分布呈现2个高峰,分别在春季的5月和秋季的8月。春季主要花粉来源为松科、白蜡、桦木、榆科、柏科、桑科和蔷薇科,占全年花粉总量的82.6%,2020~2022年分别78.2%、83.5%和86.1%;秋季花粉来源以蒿草、葎草为主,占全年花粉总量的9.94%,2020~2022年分别11.4%、6.3%、12.11%。过敏性鼻炎、过敏性哮喘、过敏性结膜炎患者的就诊人次在5月和8月较其他月份高,8月过敏性鼻炎患者与其他月份相比显著增加(P<0.05)。3个科室每月总就诊人次及3种过敏性疾病的就诊人次与花粉浓度均显示正相关。结论承德市春秋季花粉浓度对过敏性疾病有直接影响,花粉浓度监测和播报可以为医师和患者提供预警,为疾病的早期干预、防护以及合理的治疗提供有效信息。

OBJECTIVE To discuss the relationship between the main concentration of air-borne pollen and the number of visits for allergic diseases in Chengde City.METHODS The daily airborne pollen concentration and species in Chengde City,Hebei Province were monitored by gravity sedimentation method from March 1 to October 15,in 2020-2022.The number of visits of patients with allergic rhinitis,asthma and conjunctivitis in department of otorhinolaryngology,respiratory and ophthalmology were counted by HIS system in the hospital computer center,furthermore,the correlation between pollen concentration and the number of visits of the above diagnosed patients was analyzed.RESULTS The pollen concentration in Chengde showed two peaks each year,which were in May in spring and August in autumn.The main pollen sources in spring were Pinaceae,ash,birch,ulmaceae,Cupressaceae,Moraceae and Rosaceaceae,accounting for 82.6%of the total annual pollen(78.2%,83.5%,and 86.1%in 2020-2022,respectively).In autumn,artemisia and humulus were the main sources of pollen,accounting for 9.94%of the total annual pollen(11.4%,6.3%,12.11%,in 2020-2022,respectively).The number of outpatient visits patients with allergic rhinitis,asthma and conjunctivitis were higher in May and August than in other months,and the number of patients with allergic rhinitis in August was significantly increased compared with other months(P<0.05).The total monthly visits of the three departments and the visits of the three allergic diseases were positively correlated with pollen concentration.CONCLUSION The pollen concentration in the spring and autumn seasons of Chengde City has a direct impact on allergic diseases.Monitoring and broadcasting pollen concentration can provide early warning for doctors and patients,and provide effective information for early intervention,protection,and reasonable treatment of diseases.