略论近代学校手工与手工艺教育

On Handicraft and Handicraft Education in Modern Schools

“手工”与“手工艺”虽有两字重合,但其实是完全不同的两个概念,手工一般指靠手的技能所做出的工作,强调用手操作,并给予手工劳动的报酬。手工常用劳力、劳动和劳作联系在一起,强调手的功用。而手工艺不是指一般的手工,而是指具有高度技巧性、艺术性的手工,如挑花、刺绣和缂丝等,是将审美活动融入其中的手工,是一种极为特殊且高级的手工。但在近代中国极其特殊的历史文化语境下,在中国教育巨大转型和变革之中,这两个完全不同的概念,在教育领域却复杂地交织在一起。

In modern China,the national education system was adjusted and revised frequently,which had a great influence on education.This article focuses on the handicraft education and handicraft education in modern China,discusses the relationship between the two,explains their similarities and differences,explores their relationship with design education,and clearly points out the tendency of integration and convergence between the two,reflecting the characteristics of localization.