中国旅游环境承载力时空演化与障碍度分析

Analysis of Spatiotemporal Evolution and Barrier Degree of Tourism Environmental Carrying Capacity in China

伴随世界旅游业的迅速发展,旅游与环境的和谐发展逐渐成为热点问题,科学评估旅游环境承载力(TECC)是旅游可持续发展的重要内容。以旅游、经济、生态、社会四个系统界定了TECC的指标体系,并通过泰尔指数、标准差椭圆和障碍度模型等方法分析了中国TECC的时空演化特征与制约因素。结果表明:(1)2011-2021年中国TECC呈上升趋势,四个系统协同演进,但各系统发展水平存在一定差距。(2)2011-2021年中国TECC总体差异有所上升,区域间差异缩小而区域内部总差异在扩大,差异主要来自北部沿海地区和南部沿海地区。(3)2011-2021年中国TECC障碍度总体上经济系统>旅游系统>社会系统>生态系统,高障碍指标主要集中在旅游资源、相关企业、就业人数、医疗水平和城市交通五方面。

With the rapid development of the world tourism,the harmonious development of tourism and the environment has gradually become a hot issue,and the scientific evaluation of the tourism environmental carrying capacity(TECC)is an important part of the sustainable development of tourism.This paper defines the index system of TECC by four systems:tourism,economy,ecology and society,and analyzes the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and constraints of TECC in China through the methods of Theil index,standard deviation ellipse and obstacle model.The results show that:(1)From 2011 to 2021,TECC in China is on the rise,and the four systems evolve together,but there is a certain gap in the development level of each system.(2)From 2011 to 2021,the overall difference of TECC in China increased,and the regional differences narrowed while the total difference within regions widened.The differences mainly came from the northern coastal areas and the southern coastal areas.(3)From 2011 to 2021,in general,economic system>tourism system>social system>social system>ecosystem,high barriers mainly focus on five aspects:tourism resources,related enterprises,employment,medical level and urban transportation.