全民所有自然资源损害赔偿制度的方案选择与路径衔接

Scheme Selection and Path Connection of Compensation System for Damage to State-owned Natural Resources

研究目的:厘清自然资源资产损害、自然资源损害、生态环境损害的概念,在法律上探究全民所有自然资源损害赔偿的可行路径。研究方法:演绎推理。研究结果:自然资源损害既可导致单纯的财产损失,也可导致生态环境价值减损。扩张现行生态环境损害赔偿制度的一元救济路径,和“普通民事诉讼+生态环境损害赔偿制度”组合叠加的二元救济路径均存在不足。应建立专门的全民所有自然资源损害赔偿制度,赔偿范围可涵盖财产利益和生态环境利益两个方面。研究结论:全民所有自然资源损害赔偿制度以国家所有权为权利基础,应包括磋商与诉讼两个环节;在涉自然资源损害救济制度的体系衔接上,形成“全民所有自然资源损害赔偿诉讼—生态环境损害赔偿诉讼—公益诉讼”的顺位序列。

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the concepts of natural resource asset damage,natural resource damage and ecological environment damage,to explore the feasible paths to compensation for damage to state-owned natural resources in the legal field.The research method is deductive reasoning.The research results show that natural resource damage can lead to both simple property damage and a decrease in ecological value.The expansion of the current ecological damage compensation system through a single relief path and the combination of“ordinary civil litigation+ecological damage compensation system”through a dual relief path both have shortcomings.A specialized compensation system for damage to state-owned natural resources should be established,which can cover two aspects,i.e.,property interests and ecological interests.In conclusion,the compensation system for damage to state-owned natural resources is based on state ownership and should include two stages of consultation and litigation.In the system connection of the relief system for natural resource damage,a sequence of“state-owned natural resource damage compensation litigation-ecological damage compensation litigation-public interest litigation”should be formed.